ABC  ATP-binding cassette  AKT  V-Akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog  ALDH1  aldehyde dehydrogenase 1  AR  androgen receptor  Bad  Bcl-2-associated death promoter  Bak  Bcl-2 homologous antagonist killer  Bax  Bcl-2-associated X protein  Bcl-2  B-cell lymphoma  Bcl-xL  Bcl-extra large  Bcl-xs  Bcl-extra short  BCRP  breast cancer resistance protein  Bid  BH3 interacting domain death agonist  Bik  Bcl-2-interacting killer  BNIP3  Bcl2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3  CAF  cancer-associated fibroblast  CAIX  carbonic anhydrase IX  cFLIP  cellular FLICE (FADD-like IL-1β-converting enzyme)-inhibitory protein  ChIP  chromatin immunoprecipitation  CI  Combination Index  cIAP1/2  cellular IAP1/2  CML  chronic myelogenous leukemia  CSC  cancer stem cell  DISC  death-inducing signaling complex  DR  death receptor  DRI  Dose Reduction Index  ECM  extracellular matrix  EMT  epithelial-mesenchymal transition  EpCAM  epithelial cell adhesion molecule  GLUT  glucose transporter  GSK3β  glycogen synthase kinase-3β  HIF-1  hypoxia inducible factor-1  HSF1  heat shock factor 1  HSP  heat shock protein  IAP  inhibitor of apoptosis protein  JNK  c-JUN N-terminal kinase  MAPK  mitogen-activated protein kinase  Mcl-1  myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein  MDM2  murine double minute 2  MDR  multidrug resistance  MKP  MAPK phosphatase  MRP1  multidrug resistance protein 1  NF-κB  nuclear factor-kappaB  pAkt  phosphor-Akt  PARP  poly ADP-ribose polymerase  P-gp  P-glycoprotein  PI3K-PTEN  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-phosphatase and tensin homolog  PKC  phosphorylated at Ser9 by protein kinase C  pp2A  protein phosphatase 2A  REST  repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor  SAR  structure-activity relationship  TAM  tumor-associated macrophage  TFIIH  transcription factor IIH  TKI  tyrosine kinase inhibitor  TM  tumor-microenvironment  TRAIL/Apo-2L  TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand  tRXRα  the N-terminal truncated form of the nuclear retinoid X receptor-α  TWHF  Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F  VEGF  vascular endothelial growth factor  XIAP  X-linked IAP  XPB  xerodermapigmentosum group B protein  Triptolide  Antineoplastic  Resistance  Sensitization  Mechanism  

Co-delivery  P-glycoprotein  micelles  multidrug resistance  targeted drug delivery  transferrin  

Ultrasensitive detection of protein biomarkers is essential for early diagnosis and therapy of many diseases. Glycoproteins  differing from other types of proteins  contain carbohydrate moieties in the oligosaccharide chains. Boronic acid can form boronate ester covalent bonds with diol-containing species. Herein  we present a sensitive and cost-effective electrochemical method for glycoprotein detection using 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid (MBA)/biotin-modified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) (MBA-biotin-AuNPs) as labels. To demonstrate the feasibility and sensitivity of this method  recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) was tested as a model analyte. Specifically  rHuEPO was captured by the anti-rHuEPO aptamer-covered electrode and then derivatized with MBA-biotin-AuNPs through the boronic acid–carbohydrate interaction. The MBA-biotin-AuNPs facilitated the attachment of streptavidin-conjugated alkaline phosphatase for the production of electroactive p-aminophenol from p-aminophenyl phosphate substrate. A detection limit of 8 fmol L-1 for rHuEPO detection was achieved. Other glycosylated and non-glycosylated proteins  such as horseradish peroxidase  prostate specific antigen  metallothionein  streptavidin  and thrombin showed no interference in the detection assay.  

OSI-930  {N-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)3-((quinolin-4-ylmethyl) amino) thiophene-2-carboxamide}  ABC  ATP binding cassette  ABCG2 (BCRP/MXR/ABCP)  ABC subfamily G member 2  MDR  multidrug resistance  P-gp  P-glycoprotein  ABCCs (MRPs)  ABC subfamily C member  RTK  receptor tyrosine kinases  KDR  kinase insert domain receptor  TKIs  tyrosine kinase inhibitors  IAAP  [125I]-iodoarylazidoprazosin  FTC  fumitremorgin C  MTT  3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide  DMSO  dimethylsulfoxide  OSI-930  ABC transporters  ABCG2  Multidrug resistance  

Brucine  In vitro blood–brain barrier  P-glycoprotein  Affinity  Transport