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题名	海底观测网能源供给方法及故障定位技术研究
作者	冯迎宾
学位类别	博士
答辩日期	2014-11-28
授予单位	中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所
授予地点	中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所
导师	王晓辉
关键词	海底观测网 输电系统 配电系统 分支单元 海缆故障
其他题名	Research on Energy Supply Methods and Fault Location Technology for Seafloor Observatory Network
学位专业	模式识别与智能系统
中文摘要	海洋约占地球表面积的70%，它对气候变化、生态循环、地质变迁以及人类的活动等方面起着重要的作用。为探测和理解海洋的物理、化学、生物和地质等过程，海洋科学界提出了继地面/洋面和空间之后的第三个观测平台——海底观测网络。与传统的海洋观测技术相比，海底观测网的优点是观测平台位于海底、能源供应和信息传输的网络化，实现了对海洋的长期、连续、实时的观测。因此，电能稳定、可靠的供给是海底观测网运行的基础。论文结合海底观测网建设的实际需求，以提高海底观测网长期安全可靠运行为目的，分别深入研究了海底观测网能源供给方法与海缆故障识别与定位方法。主要研究内容可以概述为如下几个方面：1）分析海底观测网长期、连续、远距离供电的特点，采用单级、负高压、直流、恒压的输电方式，该输电方式具有功率损耗低、供电效率高的优点。研究了单级直流输电模式中海水作为输电回路的关键技术，实验验证了海水回路电阻的主要影响因素。针对阴极表面结垢的问题，提出了利用倒极的方法消除结垢物，并设计了电路，实现了结垢物的自动清除。2）以提高海底观测网的供电可靠性为目标，提出了一种分支单元的设计方法，设计了应用于低压的分支单元，实验验证了该分支单元的各项功能，证明了设计的可行性。利用分支单元构建了一种双岸基站、单环网的供电拓扑模型，该模型具有隔离海缆故障的能力。3）引入小波分析方法，将小波分析方法与WLS方法相结合，提出了一种电力系统状态估计方法。该方法利用小波降噪理论提高WLS状态估计结果的精度；利用小波变换奇异性检测理论识别传感器故障，提高WLS方法抗差能力。仿真结果验证了该方法的优越性。4）提出了采用平均测量残差值进行开路故障的识别，利用故障前后的电压变化值进行开路故障的区间定位，针对耦合区域，通过假设检验的方法进行开路故障的区间定位；根据广义基尔霍夫电流定律，利用漏电流的方法进行高阻抗故障的在线识别，利用高阻抗故障产生的误差向量进行故障定位；利用求解的故障点与岸基站之间的分支单元个数识别故障海缆，根据岸基站与故障点之间的回路方程，求解出故障点与分支单元之间的距离，实现低阻故障点的定位。5）基于相似理论搭建了海底观测网供电模型半物理仿真实验平台，进行了环形网络供电方式的可靠性和稳定性实验、海缆开路故障识别与区间定位方法实验、海缆高阻抗故障识别与定位方法实验、海缆低阻抗故障识别与定位方法实验，最后讨论了负载变化对海缆故障识别方法的影响。
索取号	TP277.3/F66/2014
英文摘要	The vast ocean area, comprising roughly 71 percent of Earth’s surface, is a great treasure trove of resources affecting biological diversity, global climate, geological activities, human activity, and many other eco systems. In order to detect and better understand the physical, chemical, biological, and geological functions of ocean systems, the marine science community developed the seafloor observatory network. It is the third observation platform, established after floor/ocean and space. The SON has two primary advantages over traditional marine observation technology: 1) the observation platform is located at the bottom of the sea which provides proximity for measurements; 2) it utilizes the power supply and communications network, thereby achieving long-term, continuous real-time ocean observation. As such, a stable and reliable power supply is the basis of successful SON operation. This system is the sensor network of the ocean. Combined with the actual need of SON construction, this dissertation researches the method of energy supply for SON and fault identification and location algorithm for submarine cable, in order to improve the long-term safe and reliable operation of SON. The main contents are summarized as follows: 1) According to the Seafloor Observatory Network supply long-term, continuous, long-distance power, monopole Direct Current（DC）transmission mode has been a tendency. This mode not only reduces the cost but also the transmission loop loss. This paper analyses the key technology of the sea water as a conductor in monopole Direct Current（DC）transmission mode. Experiences verify the influence factors to water loop resistance. In view of cathode surface dirt-base, the method of exchanging the electrode polarity is used to clean deposition. The circuit of exchanging the electrode polarity is designed to clean deposition automatically. 2) In order to improve the power supply reliability of SON, this paper proposes the program of Branch Unit. The analog branch unit is designed. The experiments attest the principle and various functions of the Branch Unit, and prove that the design is feasible. The Branch Unit is used to build a double shoure-based station and ring network power supply topology model. This model has the ability to isolate the submarine cable fault. 3) This paper introduces the wavelet analysis, and proposes the power system state estimation method, which combines WLS method with wavelet analysis. This method applies wavelet de-noising theory in order to improve the accuracy of WLS state estimation, and adopts wavelet singularity detection theory to identify senor faults, so as to improve robustness. The effectiveness of the method proposed is proved by simulation results of the seafloor observatory network power system model. 4) For the issue of the open-circuit fault of the submarine cable in the SON, a method of measuring the mean residual value, which can identify the open-circuit fault, is proposed. The voltage difference of the Junction Box, across the moment that the fault occurs, is calculated and then used for open-circuit fault section location. A hypothesis-testing method, which is for the coupled regions, is proposed to locate the section of the open-circuit fault. For the issue of high-impedance fault of the submarine cable in the SON, Based on the Generalized Kirchhoff Current Law, the paper proposes the method that uses the leakage current to identify high-impedance faults online. The error vector which is caused by the high-impedance fault is used to locate the fault and the fault location equation is deduced. The number of branch units between the shore station and fault point is used to identify low-impedance fault. Equations describing the relationship between the fault point and shore station are established according to the topology of power systems. The distance between the branch unit and faulted point is calculated to determine fault point positioning. 5) Based on the similarity theory, the author built up the semi-physical simulation platform for SON power supply system. The experiments of ring network power supply reliability and stability, detection and location of open-circuit fault for submarine cable, detection and location of high impedance fault for submarine cable, detection and location of low impedance fault for submarine cable are investigated respectively. Finally, the paper discusses the effect of load changes on the recognition algorithm for submarine cable.
语种	中文
产权排序	1
页码	121页
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.sia.ac.cn/handle/173321/16785]
专题	沈阳自动化研究所_水下机器人研究室
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	冯迎宾. 海底观测网能源供给方法及故障定位技术研究[D]. 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所. 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所. 2014.

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