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题名	典型生态系统土壤养分状况及影响因素分析
作者	牛彩香
学位类别	博士后
答辩日期	2014-05
授予单位	中国科学院研究生院
授予地点	北京
导师	陈卫平，王美娥
关键词	典型生态系统 土壤养分 影响因素 养分等级 soil nutrient influencing factors nutrient level typical ecosystems
其他题名	Soil Nutrient Status and Influencing Factors of Typical Ecosystems
学位专业	环境科学与工程
中文摘要	为研究我国典型生态系统土壤养分状况、影响因素及与植物养分的关系，本文依据“典型生态系统土壤营养库特征与评估”项目的要求，参照全国第二次土壤普查养分分级标准，对全国典型生态系统土壤养分丰缺状况进行评价，了解我国生态系统土壤的养分现状，为典型生态系统土壤管理及生态环境保护提供科学依据。主要取得了以下认识： （1）森林生态系统土壤养分元素总体含量较高，且具有较大的地域性差异。北方森林土壤养分含量较高，南部森林生态系统土壤养分含量相对较低，中南部森林生态系统土壤养分含量最低。 （2）森林生态系统和灌丛生态系统土壤有机质含量状况较好，草地生态系统和荒漠生态系统土壤有机质含量状况差。森林生态系统、草地生态系统、灌丛生态系统土壤全氮含量状况较好，基本处于中等以上水平，荒漠生态系统土壤全氮含量较差，基本处于中等以下水平；各种类型生态系统土壤有效磷含量状况差，基本处于缺乏-极度缺乏的状态；各种类型生态系统土壤速效钾含量状况较好，基本处于中等以上水平。 （3）土壤养分含量地域性差异明显，表明土壤养分元素受地域影响程度较大；分布在同一地区不同植被类型土壤养分含量具有不同程度的差异，表明土壤养分元素含量受其地上植被类型影响较大，但总体上地域影响程度大于植被类型的影响。 （4）森林生态系统土壤为酸性土壤，草地生态系统土壤主要为中性-强碱性土壤，荒漠生态系统土壤为碱性-强碱性土壤，灌丛生态系统土壤为中性-碱性土壤。酸性环境土壤,土壤养分与pH关系不明显，中性-碱性环境土壤，土壤养分元素含量与土壤pH相关关系显著。各种类型生态系统土壤粒径以粉粒和砂粒成分多，黏粒成分少。森林生态系统土壤黏粒成分有所增加，其他类型生态系统土壤黏粒成分较低。 （5）不同生态系统土壤有机碳含量差异明显，灌丛生态系统土壤有机碳含量最高，其次为森林生态系统，草地森林生态系统土壤有机碳含量相对较低。 （6）森林土壤养分元素含量主要受土壤粒径和有机碳含量的影响。具体表现为细颗粒成分和有机碳含量对土壤养分元素的变化具有正影响。 （7）纬度分布区和植被类型，同时影响着植被K、P含量，但纬度分布区对植被K、P含量有着较大的影响，而植被类型对植被K含量影响较小。草地生态系统植被类型和分布位置同时影响着草地植被K、P含量，不同草地类型植被的K、P含量差异性大于地带性差异，表明草地类型对植被K、P含量的影响程度高于地域性因素。
英文摘要	The purpose of this study is to provide a scientific basis for the typical ecological soil management systems and ecological protection, based on “typical ecosystems characteristics and evaluation of soil nutrient database” project requirements, refer to the second national soil survey nutrients grading standards, evaluate the soil nutrients states of the national typical ecological system, understand the status of soil nutrients in ecosystems.       The conclusions are as follows: (1) Overall, the soil nutrient content of forest ecosystems is high, and has a large regional difference. The soil nutrient content of forest is relatively high in North China; the soil nutrient content of forest is relatively low in South China, the soil nutrient content of forest is the lowest on the central and southern forest ecosystems. (2) The soil organic matter content is a better system in the forest ecosystems and shrub ecosystems; the soil organic matter content is a less system in the grassland ecosystems and desert ecosystems. Total nitrogen content of the soil in good condition, basically at above average levels in the forest ecosystems and grassland ecosystems and shrub ecosystems; total nitrogen content of the soil condition is poor, basically in the middle of the following levels in the desert ecosystems. Phosphorus content in soil conditions are poor, basically at the lack of - extreme lack of state in all ecosystems. K content in soil conditions are better, more fundamental level in the middle in all ecosystems. (3) Regional differences in soil nutrient content is evident, indicating that the soil nutrients by large geographical extent of the impact. Located in the same area, different a type of vegetation, soil nutrient content is different, indicating that the soil nutrient content influenced by its ground vegetation types. Overall, the geographic extent of the impact is greater than the influence of vegetation types. (4) The nature of the soil is acidic soils of forest ecosystems, soil properties are mainly neutral grassland ecosystem - strongly alkaline soils, the soil is alkaline nature of desert ecosystems - strongly alkaline soils, soil properties shrub ecosystem is neutral - alkaline soil. Acidic environment of soil, soil nutrients and pH relationship is not obvious, neutral - alkaline soil environment, soil nutrient content and soil pH correlated significantly. (5) Various types of soil particle size are silt and sand ecosystem components, less clay component. Clay soils of forest ecosystem components have increased the lower component of other types of clay soil ecosystem. (6) Differences in soil organic carbon content ecosystem is obvious, shrubs Soil organic carbon content in the highest, followed by forest ecosystems, grasslands relatively low soil organic carbon content of forest ecosystems. (7) Forest soil nutrient content is mainly affected by soil particle size and organic carbon content. Specific performance of fine grains and organic carbon content has a positive effect on changes in soil nutrient elements.
公开日期	2015-07-07
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.rcees.ac.cn/handle/311016/15618]
专题	生态环境研究中心_城市与区域生态国家重点实验室
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	牛彩香. 典型生态系统土壤养分状况及影响因素分析[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2014.

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