目的: 通过各年龄儿童对常见食物的分类任务，考察儿童对食物与营养健康关系的认知。

方法: 本研究用临床访谈法，采用多种任务范式，考察5岁、7岁、9岁儿童对常见食物的自发分类以及对膳食平衡的认知。

结果: 5岁儿童更多依赖食物的具体特征进行分类，5-9岁儿童在物理标准（H（2）=12.929，P<0.01），习俗标准（H（2）=5.540，P=0.063），加工方式（H(2)=6.076，P<0.05）的使用上年龄差异显著。对于不同营养搭配的套餐，社会经济条件不同的两组儿童选择人数百分比差异显著（χ2（1）=5.857, P=0.016；χ2（1）=4.510, P=0.034），SES高组的儿童比SES低组的儿童更多选择均衡的饮食（SES高组选择营养搭配人数百分比是75.0% 93.8% SES低组是45.2% 74.2%）。

结论:儿童对食物和营养的理解与认知发展有关。随着年龄的增长，儿童逐渐形成膳食营养平衡的观念；生活经验对“膳食平衡”的认知产生影响。

Objective  To investigate children’s understanding of food, nutrition and its relation to health.

Methods  Participants were interviewed individually, various experimental tasks were used to explore 5-9 year old children’s spontaneous classification of familiar food and their understanding of food balance.

Results Five-year-old children rely more than elders on physical cues. There is significant age difference of their criterion of classification among. Higher SES children tended to choose balanced food percentage of choosing balanced food in higher SES group is 75.0% 93.8%; lower SES group, 45.2% 74.2%).

Conclusion   The criterion children used is related to their cognitive development and experience. As they become older, more and more children realized the nutritional value of foods. There was a significant age difference in nutrition-balanced food choice, and children’s social economic status influenced their performance.