This study has made researches on the hydrological features of the upper reaches of the Mmjiang river．the Tuojiang，Fujiang，Jialing and Qujiang rivers by employing advanced means including the establishment of a data  base of hydrological and water resources with hydrological information acquired from 226 rainfall stations and 77 hydrological stations，as well as a package of hydrological and water resources which contains 21 hasic programs．0n the quantitative basis a qualitative study has b∞n conducted on the preeipjtat／on，runoff，flood，low water and  silt of the areas of tIle five rivers with regard to their time and spatial distribution aspects．nljs research project is  ground-breaking in presenting coefficient Ca for an uneven hy(1rological djstribufion in different periods of the  year cocfficient D for hydrological frequency line and a difference-product curve for the entire course of runoff  and silt．The results have shown that the yearly runoff of the five rivers is 25．7 perCent richer than Yichang Rain-fall Station in the upper reaches of the Changjiang River，giving rise to frequent floods，especially in the inner areas of the Sichuan Basin．During the flond season the runoff of也e five rivers increases in depth 35 Dercent more than  Yichang Rainfall Station does。constituting a ma．jot source of deluge for the Three-Gorge Project on the upper  reaches of the Changjiang River，while in tIle low-watcr season the ruDoff’s depth drops 1．5 percent against  Yichang Rainfall Station．Ⅵ，ith ns heavy water and soil loss and its siIt transl30rt module which is 23 percent hisher than Yichang RainfalI Station。the five rivers are the second largest silt source of the Three-Gorge Project．The  runoff of the rivers in the Siehuan Basin displays greater vicissitudes within and beyond the year than mat of the  mountainous areas touching on the Basin．This is mainly due to tile influence of the spatial distribution law on rain-fall and it also has something to do with the spation distribution of forest coverage．AJl this has resulted in a growing ecological crjsjs，frequent floods and droughts and an extremely unstable agriculture in the inner areas of tile Sichuan Basin．In view of this, it will be the best choice in speeding up Sichuan’s eConomic progress to visorously push forward eco-agriculture and pefsistently carry out forestation．

    This study．which boasts the latest and richest basic information concerning the hydrolog．ical and water resources in the watersheds of the five rivers，gives sound reasons for the optimal arrangement of the water source protection forest，water and soil conservation forest，forestry planning and water conservancy planning of the upper
reaches of the Changjiang River，with a general practicability，high academic interest and social benefit．