| 题名 | 土壤系统分类制的基层分类与SOTER数据库的建立与应用-以长江上游典型区彭州市为例 |
| 作者 | 周红艺 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2003 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院成都山地灾害与环境研究所 |
| 授予地点 | 成都 |
| 导师 | 何毓蓉 ; 陈学华 |
| 关键词 | 土壤系统分类 基层分类 土系 SOTER数据库 土壤肥力评价 土壤侵蚀危险度评价 电导率 土地生产潜力 |
| 学位专业 | 土壤学 |
| 中文摘要 | 土壤分类学是土壤科学水平的反映，土壤调查制图的基础，农业技术传播的依据，也是国内外土壤学术交流的媒介。特别是在目前的信息时代，一个定量化、标准化和国际化的土壤分类是时代的需要，为了分利用这些定量化的数据，开展土壤信息系统研究势在必行。基于此，中国迄今为止已建立了以国际制为标准的土壤系统分类，其中的高级分类单元已经基本建立，而基层单元分类还刚刚开始，大比例尺的SOTER研究也还在试验阶段。本研究就是在这样的背景下，进行样区土壤系统分类的基层单元分类和大比例尺SOTER数据库的建立与应用的研究。目前，长江上游地区正在实施退耕还林等，“3项工程”，我们所选样区（彭州市）位于长江上游地区的四川盆地西北部，利用国际化和定量化的土壤分类及GIS技术对该地区的研究，可以为该地区的精确农业、退耕还林等提供信息化的基础资料，对长江上游生态屏障建设和成都平原的农业发展都具有重要意义。本研究充分总结了前两次土壤普查的资料，通过对样区的典型土壤剖面、农情访问和生态环境的野外调查，结合内业土壤理化性质实验和土壤微形态分析，在诊断层、诊断特性和诊断现象的基础上，归纳出土系建立的鉴别特征，进而建立了样区20个典型土系，33个暂定土系。在己建立的土系和相关图件的基础上，利用计算机技术和GIS技术，应用Gls软件（ARC肛NFO和ARC／VIEW）和关系数据库软件（Microsoft Access），建立了样区SOTER（1：50000）数据库，并开展了部分应用研究。通过研究主要取得了以下一些成果：（1）总结出了样区土壤系统分类的基层分类划分依据和指标，对土系研究有重要的参考价值。（2）在对样区土壤一系列典型剖面深入研究的基础上，参考已有研究成果，提出了样区土壤的发生分类与系统分类的典型参比表，对于研究长江上游地区土壤系统分类向定量化、标准化发展有重要意义。（3）探索了样区水耕人为土的电导率与土壤肥力之间的关系，发现样区的土壤电导率（EC）与土壤肥力综合指数（IFI）之间有显著的相关性，并且拟订了它们之间的定量关系：y=0.89-1.1x+2.18x2。（4）利用GIS技术，建立了样区的SOTER数据库，使得许多的土壤信息能够很好的利用和不断的适时更新。利用其强大的空间数据分析功能和丰富的属性数据，应用数学模型、模糊综合评价和专家系统等方法，对样区进行了土壤肥力评价和土壤侵蚀危险度评价，取得了样区的土壤肥力评价等级图和土壤侵蚀危险度评价图，并根据评价结果提出了相应的对策和措施，对于当地的相关决策部门有重要的参考价值。（5）结合相关资料，取得了样区耕地的土地生产潜力的预测结果，并根据预测结果提出了相应产业结构调整和布局。最后，本文还对该研究存在的一些问题进行了讨论，并对以后的研究工作提出了一些建议。 |
| 英文摘要 | Soil classification is a mark of the current status of soil science. It provides a basis for soil survey and mapping, and for transferring agricultural technology. It is also a medium of soil in information exchange. Especially in this information ages, a quantitative normak international soil classification is needed. To take the best of using the quantitative data, studying the soil information system is imperative under the situation. Consequently, Chinese soil scientists have established the Chinese soil taxonomy using international system. The high category have be finished, the lower category is just being carried and the big scale SOTER database is also in trial. Based on this background, the lower category of CST(Chinese soil taxonomy) and how to establish and apply the big scale SOTER database have been studied in this paper. At the present time, returning farmland to forestry is being carried into execution in upper reaches of Yangtse River. The studying area is located in northwest of Sichuan basin in upper reaches of Yangtse Rive. Using international and quantitative soil classification and GIS technology, we can give rich quantitative information for precision agriculture and returning farmland to forestry and so on. It's also important to offer a basic guidance for the eco-environmental construction in the upper reaches of Yangtze River and agriculture development in Chengdu plain. Basing on summarizing the second time general investigation of soil resource of china sufficiently, investigating the typical soil profile, farming and eco-environment, analyzing the chemic, physic and microstructure property of the soil, and partitioning diagnostic horizons and diagnostic characteristics and diagnostic evidences, the distinguish character of soil series were given out and 20 typical soil series and 33 interim series were established in Pengzhou County. Depending on the soil series and correlation map in Pengzhou County, using the compute and GIS technology, applying the software of GIS (arc/info and arc/view) and database (Microsoft Access), the SOTER(1:500Q0) were buiit up and applied. The achievement of this study are summarized as follows: Summarized the gist and index of lower category of ST(soil taxonomy) in Pengzhou County. This is a basic reference for soil series studying. Brought forward the comparison of Chinese genetic soil classification and soil taxonomy. It is important for soil classification developing to quantitative and international in Yangtse River. The soil EC was measured and the Integrated Fertility Index (IFI) of stagnic anthrosols was calculated using the Analytic Hierarchy Process and Fuzzy evaluation in the Pengzhou County, and the correlation and quantity relationship of EC and IFI were analyzed. The result showed that: EC and IFI are significant correlated, and have the quantity functional dependence (y=0.89-1.1x+2.18x2). (1) Using the G1S technology, the SOTER database, which can give rich soil information and be utilized and updated in Pengzhou County, were built up. Utilizing the space analysis power and rich soil attribute data, applying the methods of math model, integration of fuzzy evaluation and expert system and so on, the work of evaluating and mapping on soil fertility and soil erosion risk were carried out. And the countermeasures were also given out. All of the above are important for the relating departments of local government to make decisions. The potential productivity of cropland was evaluated according to the property of soil in different sub-regions in Pengzhou County. Basing on the results, the countermeasures of adjusting industry structure and distribution were presented. In the end of this paper, the problem and the suggestion of this studying were discussed and given. |
| 公开日期 | 2015-02-06 |
| 内容类型 | 学位论文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.imde.ac.cn/handle/131551/7800]  |
| 专题 | 成都山地灾害与环境研究所_成都山地所知识仓储（2009年以前） |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 周红艺. 土壤系统分类制的基层分类与SOTER数据库的建立与应用-以长江上游典型区彭州市为例[D]. 成都. 中国科学院成都山地灾害与环境研究所. 2003. |
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