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题名	北京市再生水利用公众认知、政策评估与管理对策研究
作者	张炜铃
学位类别	硕士
答辩日期	2013-05
授予单位	中国科学院研究生院
授予地点	北京
导师	陈卫平，焦文涛
关键词	北京市 污水再生回用 问卷调查 政策评估 管理 Beijing water reuse questionnaire policy evaluation management
其他题名	Study on public awareness, policy evaluation, and management countermeasures of water reclamation in Beijing
学位专业	生态学
中文摘要	再生水由于其自身具备的各种优势已成为国际公认的第二水源和城市的主要补充水源。北京市是我国最早实践再生水利用的城市之一，其污水回用率已超过50%，但与其相关的研究滞后于其使用。本论文以北京市再生水利用的管理者、生产与运营商、科研工作者及普通公众作为研究客体，采用问卷调查、专家访谈、逻辑框架、案例对比、统计分析等研究方法，旨在获取北京市再生水利用利益相关方的认知现状、比较相关政策的优势与存在问题、明晰再生水利用相关风险及发展弊端，并提出相应的管理建议，为北京市再生水的可持续利用提供科学依据。结果表明： （1）再生水管理者、生产与运营商及科研工作者对再生水的利用及发展呈较积极的态度，但随着其与再生水利用接触的深入，其使用意愿呈下降趋势，教育程度与工作情况是主要影响因素。 （2）北京市公众用水与污水认知水平较低，在水源等问题上存在误区，年龄是其主要影响因素；公众再生水认知度较高，收入是影响该部分选择的关键因素；公众对再生水使用意愿较高，但局限于补充饮用水以外的使用，教育程度和收入是其主要相关因素。 （3）政策要素的优化改进与时代、社会经济发展程度、对生态环境的重视程度等3个因子密切相关，在顶层设计、功能设置、动机、手段分配等方面欠缺考虑；政策目标的科学化较受认可但其实践完成效果受到质疑，教育程度与收入对调查结果呈显著影响。 （4）北京市再生水相关风险并不显著，但建立风险管理体系的必要性得到一致认可。源水阶段产生风险最受关注，次风险上的源水与终水水质、处理工艺、交叉连接是被识别出的显著风险。 （5）北京市再生水的发展在政策法规、部门执行、市场化机制、安全使用等方面存在弊端，亟待改进。 本研究就水质控制、终端利用、设施建设、安全监控等四个方面建立了再生水利用风险管理体系，并围绕法规政策与部门管理、配套设施、全流程监管、公众认知等提出了针对北京市再生水管理的具体建议。
英文摘要	As an effective way to alleviate the contradiction between water resource supply and demand in cities, municipal wastewater reclamation and reuse have gained widespread attentions. Beijing has leaded the reclaimed water reuse in China and more than half of its municipal wastewater has been reused, facing great opportunities and challenges. Based on the participatory research method, logical framework approach, case comparison method, and statistical analysis, we studied the attitudes of stakeholders related with water reuse including managers, manufacturers, operators, researchers and the general public with questionnaire, analyzed the advantages and problems of reclaimed water reuse policies, summarized risks and drawbacks associated with reclaimed water reuse, and then made recommendations accordingly to provide a theoretical basis for the development of reclaimed water in Beijing. Results showed that: i. Managers, manufacturers and operators, researchers related with water reuse in Beijing held a positive attitudes towards water reuse, their willingness to use reclaimed water appeared a downwards trend as they penetrated with reclaimed water, while education and occupation were the main influencing factors. ii. The Beijing public water and sewage cognitive level was generally low, many surveyed residents misunderstood the general knowledge such as water source, and age was the main influencing factor in this section; Beijing public reclaimed water awareness seemed optimistic, income influenced the public choices; public willingness to use reclaimed water was relatively high except for the potable use, education and income were the primary governing factors. iii. The improvement and optimization of related policies were closely correlated with age, level of social and economic development, and current ecological environment but lack of long-term consideration on top-level design, feature set, motivation and means of distribution. Policy objectives were generally thought to be scientific but its practical effects had been questioned. The investigation results were affected by the level of income and education. iv. Risks related with reclaimed water in Beijing were not so remarkable while the idea to build a risk management system received consistent approval. Risks generated from the phase of source treatment got the biggest concern, and source and terminal water quality, treatment technology and cross connection of secondary risks have been generally recognized. v. There were some limitations existing in current development of reclaimed water in Beijing such as policies and regulations, executive, market mechanism, safety use, which needed urgent improvement.       At the end of the paper, a risk management system containing quality control, terminal utilization, construction of facilities and security monitoring were put forward. It was suggested to adjust measures to local conditions to forward the policy and department management, supporting facilities, the whole process supervision and public awareness.
公开日期	2014-10-28
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.rcees.ac.cn/handle/311016/7703]
专题	生态环境研究中心_城市与区域生态国家重点实验室
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	张炜铃. 北京市再生水利用公众认知、政策评估与管理对策研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2013.

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