“蒸发悖论”在秦岭南北地区的探讨

CORC > 水土保持研究所 > 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所 > 水保所知识产出(1956-2013)

	“蒸发悖论”在秦岭南北地区的探讨
	蒋冲 ; 王飞 ; 刘思洁 ; 穆兴民 ; 李锐 ; 刘焱序
刊名	生态学报
	2013
卷号	33 期号:03 页码:0844-0855
关键词	秦岭南北 the northern and southern regions of the Qinling Mountains 潜在蒸散量 potential evapotranspiration 蒸发悖论 evaporation 气温降水
其他题名	Evaporation paradox in the northern and southern regions of the Qinling
中文摘要	潜在蒸散量(ET0)是大气蒸发的估计值,已经广泛应用于灌溉管理和无实测蒸发资料地区的估算。分析ET0的时空变化是研究水资源对气候变化响应的基础工作,同时对于农业水资源的优化利用也具有重要意义。根据秦岭南北47个气象站1960—2011年逐日数据,利用FAO Penman-Monteith公式计算出各站的潜在蒸散量(ET0),研究了气温、降水与ET0之间的长期变化趋势关系,对导致ET0下降的主要原因进行了讨论,着重对秦岭南北地区是否存在"蒸发悖论"进行验证。结果表明:(1)秦岭南北整体气温经历了先降后升的变化过程,1993年为突变年份,1960—1993年的降温速率和1994—2011年的升温速率均表现出由南向北递减的规律,1960—2011年整体升温速率由北向南递减。(2)1979年和1993年是ET0变化的转折点,以1979和1993为界ET0经历了"升—降—降"的变化阶段。1960—1979年仅汉水流域和巴巫谷地存在"蒸发悖论"现象,1980—1993、1994—2011和1960—2011年3个时段区域整体和各子区均发现了"蒸发悖论"现象。秋季后18a和52a整体以及冬季前34a... 更多还原
英文摘要	Potential evapotranspiration ( ET0 ) ，as an estimate of the evaporative demand of the atmosphere，it has been widely applied in irrigation management and predictions in ungauged basins． Analysis of ET0 spatial and temporal variation is the basic research on the impact of climate change on water resources，and is also important to the optimal allocation of agricultural water resources． In recent years，change trends in ET0 and its dominant factors across the different regions of the world have been studied by many researchers． Despite global warming，decreasing trends in ET0 have been detected in several countries including United States，Russia，India，China，Australia and New Zealand． Decreasing sunshine duration， declining wind speed and increasing relative humidity have been considered to be the main causes for the decreasing ET0 ．Northern and southern regions of the Qinling Mountains is far away from oceans，water shortage is a serious problem for agriculture in this area． So far，detailed investigation on the change trend in ET0 over this area has been lacking． In this study，based on the daily data from 47 meteorological stations in northern and southern regions of the Qinling Mountains between 1960 and 2011，ET0 was calculated by using FAO Penman-Monteith formula． We analyzed the change trend of ET0 and air temperature as well as the main factors affecting the decrease of ET0 ． It also discussed the existence of the “evaporation paradox”，the results are as following． ( 1) Air temperature of the whole region experienced two periods which increased initially and then decreased，1993 was abrupt change point． The decreasing rate between 1960 and 1993 as well as increasing rate between 1994 and 2011 both presented an pattern that declined from south to north，while increasing rate between 1960 and 2011 decreased from north to south． ( 2) 1979 and 1993 were the change point of ET0 ，which divided ET0 into two periods，ET0 increased from 1960 to 1979 and then decreased from 1993 to 2011． Between 1960 and 1979， “Evaporation paradox”only existed in Han River Basin( HRB) and Bawu Valley( BWV) ，the periods of 1980—1993， 1994—2011 and 1960—2011 all had“Evaporation paradox”phenomenon． Both the last 18 years and the whole 52 years in autumn as well as the initial 34 years and the whole 52 years in winter had“Evaporation paradox”phenomenon，which was more obvious in winter． ( 3) Precipitation decreased insignificantly in the past 52 years，and the precipitation and ET0 exhibited a contrary trend，which accounted 53% in the whole year and 79% in summer，respectively． The contrary trend between precipitation and ET0 was more obvious in summer than year scale． ( 4) According to the effect of meteorological elements change on ET0 change，the order was sunshine hours，wind speed，maximum temperature，relative humidity， mean temperature，mean air pressure and minimum temperature． On the year scale，the significant decrease of solar radiation ( sunshine hours) was the dominating factor leading to the decrease of ET0 ． While on the seasonal scale，the dominating factor of spring's ET0 was wind speed，the other three seasons were all solar radiation ( sunshine hours) ．
语种	中文
公开日期	2014-10-14
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://ir.iswc.ac.cn/handle/361005/5503]
专题	水土保持研究所_水保所知识产出(1956-2013)
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	蒋冲,王飞,刘思洁,等. “蒸发悖论”在秦岭南北地区的探讨[J]. 生态学报,2013,33(03):0844-0855.
APA	蒋冲,王飞,刘思洁,穆兴民,李锐,&刘焱序.(2013).“蒸发悖论”在秦岭南北地区的探讨.生态学报,33(03),0844-0855.
MLA	蒋冲,et al."“蒸发悖论”在秦岭南北地区的探讨".生态学报 33.03(2013):0844-0855.