| 题名 | 基于GeoDatabase的流域GIS数据库设计及地理处理建模分析 ——以岷江上游大沟小流域为例 |
| 作者 | 田兵伟 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2008 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院成都山地灾害与环境研究所 |
| 授予地点 | 成都 |
| 导师 | 范建容 |
| 关键词 | GIS数据库 GeoDatabase 地理处理建模 面向对象 大沟小流域 |
| 其他题名 | Design of Watershed GIS Database Based on GeoDatabase and Research of Geoprocessing Model Take Dagou Valley in upper Minjiang River as Example |
| 学位专业 | 地图学与GIS |
| 中文摘要 | 近半个世纪以来地理学的发展主要靠以GIS为首的地理信息技术推动，地理信息的有效交流和GIS技术的飞速发展已经成为当今地理学科发展的一大特色。随着以“3S”(GIS、GPS、RS)为首的新兴地理信息技术推动，20世纪末人类开始迈入数字地球时代。数字中国、数字国防、数字省区、数字城市、数字山地和数字流域等概念纷纷提出以及工程项目的建设实施都是数字地球概念在不同空间领域的延伸和在不同尺度上的实践性尝试。数字地球在很大程度上就是数据地球，数据历来就被认为是空间信息化建设的血液，是一切研究的前提和基础材料。GIS数据库为地理数据采集存储提供一个良好的信息平台，是地理信息系统应用的最重要支撑部分，同时也是数字地球建设的基石。而对于地学研究者来说，构建与GIS数据库基础之上的地理处理建模分析则更具有实用价值和意义。因为对于他们，面对的问题，构建的解决方案主要都是地学模型。 本文采用ArcGis9.2的目前最具优势的新一代面向对象空间数据模型—GeoDatabase，在小流域尺度上，以岷江上游茂县大沟为例，进行流域空间数据库的研究和设计，并采用GeoProcessing建模方法，在空间数据建库基础上进行地理处理建模分析。分别建立了大沟流域水系自动提取、大沟流域土壤侵蚀量计算等地理处理模型，并提出了“小流域科学研究资料积累整备——GIS数据库设计与建库——地理处理建模分析——空间数据维护和管理”的一套地学科学研究的新模式和新思路。该研究可为流域水系自动提取、土壤侵蚀危险性评价、退耕还林还草、生态保护和重建、林火危险性分区以及流域综合管治开发等生态、资源和环境问题的研究和解决提供一种快捷高效的数据管理和分析思路。主要研究结果如下：（1）论文通过认识GIS的几个不同角度对最新的GIS空间数据模型——File GeoDatabase，GIS数据库建模技术——Designing GeoDatabases With CASE以及地理处理建模技术——GeoProcessing进行了研究和应用探讨；（2）以大沟小流域为研究区域进行流域GeoDatabase数据库的设计和研究，并采用CASE方法进行数据库的标准设计，实现数据入库的标准化、规范化、动态和自动化，保证数据入库的准确性，提高数据入库的效率。（3）构建大沟流域的数字水系和土壤侵蚀量计算地理处理模型,作为地理处理建模的应用实例和大沟流域GIS空间数据应用管理系统模块组成部分，并结合模型实现“大沟三维演示”；（4）以软件工程思想为指导，通过ArcMAP+VBA的方法定制开发流域GIS数据库应用管理系统，并在其中整合GeoProcessing模型，使得GIS数据库能够实现地理分析模型扩展,进一步与地理研究相结合。 |
| 英文摘要 | The GIS-directed geographic information technology has greatly facilitated the development of Geography in the past 50 years. The effective communication between geographic information with the fast developed GIS technology has become the characteristic of the development of Geography. The time of digital earth, facilitated by the 3S-directed information technology, has already arrived. The concepts such as Digital China, Digital National Defense, Digital Province, Digital City, Digital Mountain, as well as Digital Watershed are all the extensions and practices of digital earth in different fields and scales. The concept of digital earth is, to a great extent, the collection of global data. Data has always been regarded as the core of the spatial information construction and it is the prerequisite and fundamental material of all the studies. GIS database is an effective information platform for collecting and storing the geographic data. It plays the most important role in all GIS applications and it is also the fundamental of digital earth construction. What makes the geographical processing modeling analysis be of more practical value for these geography scholars lies in the fact that most of its solutions to problems are geographical modeling. The most advanced object oriented spatial data model ‘GeoDatabase’ and GeoProcessing modeling method are used to design the spatial database of Dagou of Maoxian in the upper reaches of Min River to conduct the geographical modeling processing. The models of automatic watershed delineation and soil erosion are established while proposing the new concepts such as the accumulation ofscientific research, the design and construction of spatial database, geographical processing modeling analysis as well as the maintence and management of spatial data. This research can be an effective data management method of great help for the studies such as automatic watershed delineation, accessment of fatalness of soil erosion, stopping cultivating crops and returning to plant trees and grasses, forest fire distribution as well as the comprehensive development and management of small watershed. The main results are shown as follows: (1) In this paper, the spatial data model-File GeoDatabase, Designing GeoDatabase with CASE as well as GeoProcessing are studied and discussed. (2) The GeoDatabase is studied and designed based on the watershed of Dagou while using CASE to establish the standards of the database to make the data conform to all the forms while have a higher effiency. (3) The model of digital watershed and soil erosion are established to be part of the GIS spatial data application management system while conducting the3D analyses. (4) Directed by the principles of software engineering, the GIS spatial data application management system is designed by using the ArcMAP –VBA method which is integrated with GeoProcessing model to make the GIS database extended when conducting the geographical analyses. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 学科主题 | 摄影测量与遥感技术 |
| 公开日期 | 2011-07-24 |
| 内容类型 | 学位论文 |
| 源URL | [http://192.168.143.20:8080/handle/131551/3289]  |
| 专题 | 成都山地灾害与环境研究所_成都山地所知识仓储（2009年以前） |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 田兵伟. 基于GeoDatabase的流域GIS数据库设计及地理处理建模分析 ——以岷江上游大沟小流域为例[D]. 成都. 中国科学院成都山地灾害与环境研究所. 2008. |
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