题名坡面细沟侵蚀动力过程试验研究
作者王先拓
学位类别硕士
答辩日期2007
授予单位中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所
授予地点成都
导师王玉宽
关键词紫色土 燥红土 细沟侵蚀 水力学参数 细沟可蚀性
学位专业自然地理学
中文摘要本研究利用坡面放水冲刷试验,针对紫色土和燥红土坡面水蚀过程的核心问题,着重对细沟水流的流态及其动力、阻力变化规律;坡面细沟发生临界水动力条件及土壤可蚀性参数确定等问题展开研究,得出如下主要结果:1.细沟侵蚀率总体随坡度的增加而增加,燥红土和紫色土细沟侵蚀的临界坡度大于25°。侵蚀率随放水量的增加而增大,在坡度较小时,增加速率较小,且增加比较平稳。燥红土侵蚀率大于紫色土侵蚀率。2.细沟流流速随放水流量的增大而增大,但是过程有所不同。当放水量超过0.18m3.h-1临界值后,流速的增长率变大,但在较大放水量情况下流速的变化起伏比较大。在燥红土上表现出15°左右的临界坡度,紫色土上规律不显著。3.在试验的流量和坡度范围内,紫色土细沟流雷诺数取值范围为500~4600,燥红土细沟流雷诺数取值范围为1000~4600。燥红土的雷诺数平均值大于紫色土的超过42%。在放水量不变坡度增大时,紫色土和燥红土细沟流雷诺数变化的规律性均不很明显。而在坡度相同放水量增大时,雷诺数呈现出随流量的增大而迅速增大的趋势。4.紫色土细沟流在试验各坡度各放水量条件下,佛汝德数数均大于1,平均为1.94,大致随坡度、流量的增大而增大;燥红土细沟流雷诺数在少数情况下小于1。仅从水流条件本身来研究细沟侵蚀并不能完全反映实际情况,土壤本身性质的差异将显著影响细沟的发生。5.在所选用的试验流量和坡度范围内,试验土坡面上细沟流的Darcy-weisbach阻力系数 f,紫色土的变化于 0.19~0.97 之间;燥红土的变化于0.39~4.88之间;曼宁糙率系数n,紫色土的变化于 0.022~0.044 之间;燥红土的变化于0.028~0.111之间。阻力系数与雷诺数之间存在着幂函数关系。细沟水流阻力不仅受地面条件影响,在很大程度上还取决于水流作用后的侵蚀形态本身的影响。6.紫色土的细沟侵蚀性系数 Kr为 0.002(s/m),发生细沟侵蚀的临界切应力τ0为 5.25(Pa);试验燥红土的细沟侵蚀性系数 Kr为 0.0061(s/m),发生细沟侵蚀的临界切应力τ0为 10.03(Pa)。7.根据实验结果,建立了细沟侵蚀模型: W=Kr.(ρ.g.h.sin(θ)- τ0).( ρr.A). ΔT式中:W为细沟侵蚀量;Kr为细沟可蚀性;ρ为水密度;g为重力加速度;h为细沟水深;θ为坡面坡度;τ0为临界剪切力;ρr为细沟发育密度;A为坡面面积;ΔT为降雨时间。8.室内扰动土试验与野外原状土试验结果差别较大,建议在研究细沟侵蚀机理时,尽量在野外大田实地条件下进行试验。
英文摘要Using runoff scouring method, experiments were conducted to study the critical problem in the water erosion process of purple soil and dry-red soil. After the study and analysis of the flow regime, the rule of dynamics and the resistance variation, critical hydro-dynamic condition of rill erosion initiation and the soil erodibility. the following conclusions were obtained:1. Generally, the erosion rate of rill increase with the increase of slope gradient and discharge of flow. The critical slope of purple soil and dry-red soil rill erosion is more than 25°. The erosion rate of dry-red soil is larger than that of purple soil 2.The rill flow velocity increased with the increase of discharge of flow, and increased little after the discharge of flow exceed 0.18m3.h-1. The critical rill flow velocity slope of dry-red soil is about 15°,and that of purple soil is not obvious.3. The Reynolds number of the flow of purple soil varies between 500~4600, and that of dry-red varies between 1000 and 4600. The Reynolds number of the flow increased rapidly with the increase of slope.4. The Froude number of runoff flow are larger than 1 under all the experiments and the average of it is 1.94. Only the flow condition can not reflect the reality of rill erosion, the characteristic of soil may effect the development of rill.5. The Daycy-weisbach coefficient and manning roughness of purple soil are 0.19~0.97 and 0.022~0.044,that of dry-red soil are 0.39~4.88 and 0.28~0.111 under all the experiments. The resistance coefficient is effected by both soil surface condition and the shape of rill.6. the soil erodibility and critical shear stress of purple soil are 0.002(s/m) and 5.25(Pa),and that of dry-red soil are 0.0061(s/m) and 10.03(Pa)7. The rill erosion can be predicted by the following model: W=Kr .(ρ.g.h.sin(θ)- τ0).( ρr.A). ΔT8.Our study shows that the results of the experiments doing on indoor or outside field condition differ from each other. It is suggested that the research should be carry out on outside field.
语种中文
学科主题水土保持学
公开日期2010-10-21
分类号S15;S66
内容类型学位论文
源URL[http://ir.imde.ac.cn/handle/131551/2279]  
专题成都山地灾害与环境研究所_成都山地所知识仓储(2009年以前)
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
王先拓. 坡面细沟侵蚀动力过程试验研究[D]. 成都. 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所. 2007.
个性服务
查看访问统计
相关权益政策
暂无数据
收藏/分享
所有评论 (0)
暂无评论
 

除非特别说明,本系统中所有内容都受版权保护,并保留所有权利。


©版权所有 ©2017 CSpace - Powered by CSpace