淮河下游平原沟渠湿地基本特征研究

CORC > 成都山地灾害与环境研究所 > 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 > 成都山地所知识仓储（2009年以前）

题名	淮河下游平原沟渠湿地基本特征研究
作者	周俊
学位类别	硕士
答辩日期	2009
授予单位	中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所
授予地点	成都
导师	邓伟
关键词	沟渠容水能力沟渠植物沟渠自净能力沟渠营养状况
其他题名	The Basic Characteristics of Ditch Wetlands in Lower Plain of Huaihe River
学位专业	自然地理学
中文摘要	在野外考察、遥感影像和室内实验的基础上，从空间分布、容水能力、植物分布、氮磷营养状况、自净能力和光照对沟渠植物去除氮磷影响等方面探讨了淮河下游平原沟渠湿地的基本特征，取得的主要研究成果有： 1、淮河下游平原沟渠一般可分为干渠、支渠和毛渠三级，按照其所处位置及功能可分为道路排水沟渠、村屯排污沟渠和农田灌排沟渠。沟渠系统在平面上呈网状结构，单沟纵剖面呈梯形结构。沟渠湿地典型研究区的沟渠密度为14.28 km/km2，沟渠率为3.68%，即1km2的面积上约有沟渠36800m2；沟渠率由高至低依次为：干渠1.74%>毛渠1.08%>支渠0.86%。按此沟渠率计算，淮河下游平原沟渠面积约为1052.52km2。 2、淮河下游沟渠湿地的最大可能容水量约为12.2亿立方米(淮河下游面积约为2.86万km2)；通过样方调查发现，沟渠中生长的水生植物共15种，隶属于12科，14属。其中，挺水植物9种，沉水植物和浮水植物各3种；优势种为芦苇(Phragmites Australis)、香蒲(Typha orientalis Presl)、茭白(Zizaniaaquatica)、水花生(Alternanthera philoxeroides)、菹草(Potamogeton crispul L.)和浮萍(Lemna minor)。 3、淮河下游平原沟渠湿地水体和底泥TN污染较严重，所有水样的TN都达到了使沟渠水体发生富营养化的下限；水体TP污染较轻，底泥TP未达到污染水平。水生植物尤其是挺水植物和沉水植物的存在可大大提高沟渠湿地对氮、磷的去除能力；面积为6647m2(长782.0m，宽8.5m)，流速小于0.10m/s，植物配置为29%挺水植物、35%浮水植物和36%自由水面的沟渠对TN的去除率约为49.0%，对TP的去除率可达78.7%。 4、不同光照条件对沟渠植物轮叶黑藻去除氮的效果影响较大，70%透光率时TN的去除率最高，49%透光率时NH4+-N的去除率最高；从短期来看，遮光胁迫对轮叶黑藻除磷的影响较小，约50%以上透光率的光照条件即可保证轮叶黑藻具有较好的去磷能力。
英文摘要	This paper presented some basic characteristics of ditch wetlands in lower plain of Huaihe River, based on field survey, remote sensing image and laboratory experiments. These basic characteristics included spatial distribution, storage capacity, distribution of plants, nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition, self-purification capacity and the effects of different light regimes on reducing nitrogen and phosphorus using Hydrilla verticillata. The results were as follows: 1. Ditches in lower plain of Huaihe River can be divided into three grades: Main Ditch, Branch Ditch and Sublateral Ditch. The cross section of ditch systems of this area showed network and the vertical profile showed ladder. The Ditch Density in lower plain of Huaihe River was about 14.28 km/km2; and the Ditch Rate was about 3.68%, namely the area of ditches were about 36,800m2 per square kilometer. The Ditch Rate of different ditches from big to small was Main Ditch(1.74%), Sublateral Ditch(1.08%) and Branch Ditch(0.86%). So, the total area of ditches wetlands in lower plain of Huaihe River was about 1052.52km2. 2. The storage capacity of ditch in lower plain of Huaihe River was about 1.22×1010m3. There were 15 aquatic macrophyte species in 12 families, 14 genera found in the ditches of this area. Among these macrophyte, 9 species were emerged macrophyte, 3 were submerged macrophyte and the rest were floating macrophyte. Phragmites Australis, Typha orientalis Presl, Zizania aquatica, Alternanthera philoxeroide, Potamogeton crispul L. and Lemna minor were the dominant species of ditch vegetation. 3. The water and sediment in ditches were severely polluted by nitrogen, but the water of ditches was slightly polluted by phosphorus and the most TP (total phosphorus) content of sediment also was low. Aquatic macrophyte and especially emerged macrophyte and submerged macrophyte in ditches were beneficial to improve the reducing rate of nitrogen and phosphorus removed by ditches. The TN (total nitrogen) and TP content were decreased by 49% and 78.7% respectively after water flowed through a ditch, whose length was 782m, width was 8.5m and area was 6647m2, where the coverage for emerged macrophyte and floating macrophyte was about 39% and 35%, the rate of area of free surface was about 36%, and flow velocity was less than 0.1m/s. 4. The reducing rates of TN were impacted under different light intensity treatments. With the treatment of 70% natural light intensity (NLI) the reducing rate of TN was highest. However, the reducing rates of TP were affected rarely by different light intensity treatments. Hydrilla verticillata would reduce well phosphorus under more than 50% NLI.
语种	中文
学科主题	生态学
公开日期	2010-10-13
分类号	S27;X17
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.imde.ac.cn/handle/131551/2181]
专题	成都山地灾害与环境研究所_成都山地所知识仓储（2009年以前）成都山地灾害与环境研究所_山地表生过程与生态调控重点实验室
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	周俊. 淮河下游平原沟渠湿地基本特征研究[D]. 成都. 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所. 2009.