| 题名 | 水利工程对淮河流域中游湿地格局演变的影响及其合理调控研究 |
| 作者 | 胡巍巍 |
| 学位类别 | 博士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2009 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 |
| 授予地点 | 成都 |
| 导师 | 王根绪 ; 邓伟 |
| 关键词 | 水利工程 淮河流域中游 湿地 景观格局 |
| 其他题名 | The Influence of Hydraulic Engineering on the Change of Wetland Landscape Patterns in the Middle Reach of the Huaihe River Basin and Its Optimal Regulation |
| 学位专业 | 自然地理学 |
| 中文摘要 | 在过去许多河流及支流被整治了，湿地被排干了，许多河段也修建了大坝。这些行为导致了流域自然水空间的大量丧失和河流自然活力的丧失，进而使得水旱灾害更加频繁、水环境质量恶化。湿地是地球上的一种特殊生态系统，具有强大的生态服务功能。除了沿海湿地外，其余湿地类型都位于陆地流域系统中，都和河流有着直接或间接联系，受控于河流的水文过程、地貌过程和生物地球化学过程，河流的自然水文情势是维持流域湿地生态系统整体性和和生物多样性的最关键因素。保护湿地，首先就要保护好河流，使其不被污染，不过度利用水资源。同时要恢复河流的自然流态，给河流以空间，给洪水以空间。长期以来，人类由于自身经济发展的需要，对河流采取了各种各样的干预活动，包括防洪措施、修建水库、大坝、为航运目的而实施的河道标准化、截弯取直等等。水利工程对河流生态系统胁迫的主要原因有两个方面：一是自然水文条件的改变；二是河流自然地貌特征的改变。从而直接或间接影响到流域湿地的生态服务功能。 淮河流域中游受人类活动干预强烈，各种水利工程设施遍布整个区域。而淮河中游的水旱灾害、水污染问题依然严重。本文以淮河流域中游为研究区，主要研究水利工程对中游湿地景观格局演变的影响，探讨淮河流域水利工程的生态管理以及中游地区的湿地格局优化，以最大限度地发挥中游湿地的生态服务功能。 本文研究内容主要包括上世纪五十年代以来淮河流域水利工程建设概况及其生态影响；五十年代以来中游湿地格局演变及驱动力分析；淮河流域水利工程的生态管理以及中游湿地格局优化等。通过研究，得出以下主要结论： (1)淮河流域闸坝对河流自然水文情势影响强烈，特别是在枯水季节，淮河流域枯水季节成为生态脆弱期。 (2)五十年代以来淮河流域中游湿地景观格局演变的主要特征是大量的天然湿地演变成人工湿地和非湿地，其中又以河湖湿地的损失最多，并存在河湖湿地-滩地-非湿地的演变过程。 (3)引起淮河流域中游湿地景观格局演变的驱动力包括土地利用方式、水利工程和自然因素等多种因素，其中水利工程起着重要作用。 (4)中游湿地格局的优化主要是针对行蓄洪区的调整。一方面在一定程度上让路于水，采取废弃、退建、改建成蓄行洪区等方式，退还部分空间给河道，扩大行洪通道，增加河道的泄洪能力；另一方面，对于保留下来的行蓄洪区，采用因地制宜、分步实施的行蓄洪区内生产、安全区内发展的模式。 |
| 英文摘要 | Many rivers and their branches were regulated,wetlands were drained and dams were constructed on the river in the past. These caused the basin natural water space to lose massively in the river basin with natural river vigor forfeiting,so flood and drought disasters are more frequent,and the water quality is worsening.The wetland is one kind of special ecosystem, having formidable ecology service functions.Except coastal wetland, other wetlands are all located in the river basin.They are all related to the river directly or indirectly and controlled by hydrological ,geomorphological and biogeochemical process of the river. The natural hydrological regimes of the river are the most important to maintain wetland ecosystem integrity and biodiversity in the river basin. To protect wetland, we must protect the river firstly, water resources must not be polluted and used excessively.Meanwhile, we must restore natural hydrological regimes of the river firstly.Humanity has various intervention activity to the rivers to develop for long time, including the flood-control measures, dams, river course standardization and bended river cut-off and so on. The hydraulic engineering has stress on the river ecosystem in two aspects:one is the change of natural hydrological regimes,the other is the change of natural river geomorphology,thus affects the basin wetland ecological service function of the wetland in the river basin directly or indirectly. The middle reaches of the Huaihe River basin were intervened by humanity intensely. There are all kinds of hydraulic engineering facilities everywhere in the whole basin, but flood and drought disasters and the water pollution are still serious in the middle reaches of the Huaihe River basin.This article takes the middle reaches of the Huaihe River basin as research region,and mainly researches the influence of hydraulic engineering on the change of wetland landscape patterns in the middle reaches of the basin,discusses ecological management of hydraulic engineering in the basin and regulates wetland landscape patterns to exert the ecological service functions of the middle reaches wetland.This article mainly researches on the changing process of the wetland in the basin and the Huaihe River system in the past,the overview of hydraulic engineering construction and its ecological influence in the basin since 1950s,the change of wetland landscape patterns in the middle reaches of the basin and its driving forces analysis,the ecological management of hydraulic engineering in the basin and the optimal regulation of wetland landscape patterns in the middle reaches of the basin.The article has following conclusions: （1）Dams impact intensely on the natural hydrological regimes in the Huaihe River basin,especially in dry seasons,so dry seasons are ecologically fragile period. （2）The main changes of the wetland landscape patters in the middle reaches of the basin are:massive wetlands transformed to constructed wetland and non-wetland,river and lake reduced mostly and existing the changing process of river and lake to floodland to non-wetland. （3）The driving forces of the change of wetland landscape patterns include land use,hydraulic engineering and natural factors and so on,and hydraulic engineering plays an important role among which. （4）The optimal regulation of wetland landscape patterns in the middle reaches of the basin mainly aims at the adjustment to the flood detention area.On the one hand, a part of flood detention area should be abandoned,drawed back and rebuilded to allow floods to flow freely,return some space to the river and expand flood way to increase the flood discharge ability of river course. On the other hand,to the retained flood detention area,we should adopt the mode of acting as circumstances permit and step by step implementation to produce in flood detention area and develop in safety area. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 学科主题 | 水文地理学 |
| 公开日期 | 2010-10-13 |
| 分类号 | F12;P90 |
| 内容类型 | 学位论文 |
| 源URL | [http://ir.imde.ac.cn/handle/131551/2180]  |
| 专题 | 成都山地灾害与环境研究所_成都山地所知识仓储（2009年以前） |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 胡巍巍. 水利工程对淮河流域中游湿地格局演变的影响及其合理调控研究[D]. 成都. 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所. 2009. |
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