长江上游干旱灾害分析及防灾减灾措施
陈桂蓉1; 程根伟2
刊名长江流域资源与环境
1997
卷号6期号:1页码:74-79
关键词长江上游 旱灾 减灾措施
ISSN号1004-8227
其他题名DROUGHT ANALYSIS IN THE UPPER BASIN OF CHANGJIANG RIVER AND DISASTER PREVENTION/ABATEMENT MEASURES
通讯作者陈桂蓉
合作状况国内
中文摘要分析了长江上游历年干旱灾害发生的频率、危害程度和演变趋势。长江上游受太平洋高压和地形的影响,造成四川盆地西部和黔西北的春旱、盆东伏旱、盆中黔东北夏伏连旱,以及金沙江与大渡河的干热旱型。干旱的危害程度既受天气背景的影响,又与人类活动方式密切相关。异常的天气过程只有在人口密集、生产发达的地区才能形成显著的灾害。从近三百年的水文气象条件看,洪水发生略有加强,而干旱则略有减弱。但是近代工农业高速发展,人口密度加大,同样的天气异常产生的社会损失显著增大。另外森林砍伐、水源污染和过量抽取地面(地下)水等,都加剧了干旱的危害程度。长江上游的抗旱减灾应采取因地制宜、综合治理并重的方针,即结合大型水库屯蓄、水土保持、农田水利、作物调整、灾害预警和社会化服务等措施消减灾害。其中尤以长江上游防护林体系和大江河干流水库枢纽工程的作用巨大,可起到削蓄洪水、涵养水源、补给枯水量和改善生态环境的功效,是带根本性的流域治理措施。
英文摘要In the paper the drough t disaster and it s occu rrence, damage and changing tendency have been discu ssed fo r the upper basin of Changjiang R iver. Ow ing to the affect ion of summer Pacif ic H igh, there are w ide drough t region s in Sichuan basin and in no rthern Gu izhou p lateau. The valleys of J in2sha2jiang, upper M ing2jiang and Dadu R iver are typ ical dry2ho t lands ow ing to the effect of o rograph ic rain2shadow. The lo ss cau sed by drough t depends no t on ly on the ex ten t of w eather change, bu t also on the condit ion of human act ivit ies. The w eather’s abno rmal change w ill cau se seriou s disaster on ly in the area w ith den se popu lat ion and vigo rou s econom ical act ivity. Th is is the reason of the increased calam ity in recen t hun2 dred years. The types of land u se, such as fo rest logging, w ater po llu t ion, over2u sing of groundw ater, can also aggravate the ex ten t of drough t disaster. In o rder to reduce the disaster of drough t in upper basin of Changjiang R iver,mu lt i2mea2 su remen t s fo r differen t areas and differen t situat ion s shou ld be taken, that is comb in ing the app roaches of reservo ir sto rage, w ater2so il con servat ion, farm land irregat ion, crop s selec2 t ion and drough t w arn ing, of w h ich the large2scale reservo ir p ro ject s on large rivers and the p ro tect ive fo rest system in upper basin of Changjiang R iver w ill take the key part. They can sto re runoff, reduce f lood peak, con serve w ater resou rces, increase low f low and imp rove the quality of eco2environmen t, and con st itu te the fundamen talmeasu re fo r w atershed refo rm ing
学科主题X43
分类号X43
语种中文
公开日期2011-03-29
内容类型期刊论文
源URL[http://ir.imde.ac.cn/handle/131551/2876]  
专题成都山地灾害与环境研究所_成都山地所知识仓储(2009年以前)
成都山地灾害与环境研究所_山地表生过程与生态调控重点实验室
作者单位1.四川省水文水资源勘测局
2.中国科学院成都山地灾害与环境研究所
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
陈桂蓉,程根伟. 长江上游干旱灾害分析及防灾减灾措施[J]. 长江流域资源与环境,1997,6(1):74-79.
APA 陈桂蓉,&程根伟.(1997).长江上游干旱灾害分析及防灾减灾措施.长江流域资源与环境,6(1),74-79.
MLA 陈桂蓉,et al."长江上游干旱灾害分析及防灾减灾措施".长江流域资源与环境 6.1(1997):74-79.
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