Rare earth elements in the upland soils of northern China: Spatial variation, relationships, and risk assessment

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136062

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	Rare earth elements in the upland soils of northern China: Spatial variation, relationships, and risk assessment
	Lian, Zhongmin ; Han, Yixuan 6; Zhao, Xumao 2; Xue, Yinglan 3,5; Gu, Xiang 4
刊名	CHEMOSPHERE
	2022
卷号	307
关键词	Rare earth elements Upland Soil China Ecological risk Health risk
ISSN号	0045-6535
DOI	10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136062
文献子类	Article
英文摘要	While global demand for rare earth elements (REEs) is rapidly growing, recent studies have suggested that REEs are pollutants of emerging concern. In this study, the spatial distribution and risk assessments of REEs in the upland soils of northern China were comprehensively investigated. The total REE concentrations ranged from 81 to 180 mg/kg, with average concentrations of 123, 128, and 98.3 mg/kg in the northwestern, northern, and northeastern zones, respectively. The decreasing trend of REE contents from northwest to northeast might be influenced by variation in the REE metallogenic belt distribution, mining activities, and precipitation intensity in these regions. The ratio of light rare elements (LREEs) to heavy rare elements (HREEs) ranged from 5.04 to 9.06, revealing obvious fractionation between them in upland soils and indicating that LREEs enrichment was common in northern China. The significantly positive correlations between the REEs indicated that REEs might frequently coexist and share similar sources in the upland soils of northern China. Based on a modified ecological risk index (eRI), REEs were estimated to pose relatively low ecological risks to current environmental residues, with eRI values ranging from 0.564 to 0.984. Fortunately, the estimated daily intakes of REEs from soils for children (1.08-2.41 mu g/kg/day) and adults (0.119-0.312 mu g/kg/day) were well below the safety thresholds. However, the health risks posed by REEs in upland soils were estimated to be higher for children. Thus, the continuous monitoring of REE abundance in soils is essential to avoid potential health risks.
WOS关键词	HUMAN HEALTH-RISK ; MINING AREA ; AGRICULTURAL SOILS ; INNER-MONGOLIA ; HEAVY-METALS ; BIOAVAILABILITY ; GEOCHEMISTRY ; VEGETABLES ; ABUNDANCE ; BEHAVIOR
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology
语种	英语
WOS记录号	WOS:000846598100006
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://ir.casisd.cn/handle/190111/12060]
专题	可持续发展政策研究所
作者单位	1.Lanzhou Univ, Inst Innovat Ecol, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China 2.Chinese Acad Environm Planning, State Environm Protect Key Lab Environm Planning &, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China 3.Beijing Normal Univ, Sch Environm, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China 4.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Sci & Dev, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China 5.Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Inst Geog & Limnol, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China 6.Lanzhou Univ, Coll Ecol, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Lian, Zhongmin,Han, Yixuan,Zhao, Xumao,et al. Rare earth elements in the upland soils of northern China: Spatial variation, relationships, and risk assessment[J]. CHEMOSPHERE,2022,307.
APA	Lian, Zhongmin,Han, Yixuan,Zhao, Xumao,Xue, Yinglan,&Gu, Xiang.(2022).Rare earth elements in the upland soils of northern China: Spatial variation, relationships, and risk assessment.CHEMOSPHERE,307.
MLA	Lian, Zhongmin,et al."Rare earth elements in the upland soils of northern China: Spatial variation, relationships, and risk assessment".CHEMOSPHERE 307(2022).