The lithium-rich manganese-based material Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 is one of the most promising cathode materials for next-generation lithium-ion batteries. However, this material has serious problems of capacity reduction and poor rate performance. The electrochemical properties of the material are improved after the addition of bamboo essential oil. Structural and elemental analysis showed that the addition of bamboo essential oil did not affect the crystal structure. The battery discharge cycle curve showed that the electrochemical performance was significantly improved after the addition, compared with the non-added bamboo essential oil. When the sample is added at a ratio of 30%, the best discharge specific capacity and cycle performance are exhibited, especially at high current density. The first discharge specific capacity at 0.1 C is as high as 291.5 mAh/g. After circulating 200 cycles at a magnification of 2 C, the capacity retention ratios were 80.96%.