有机氯代化合物的发展极大地推动了社会的进步，但其难降解性和毒性也对人类的生存造成了不良影响，甚至危害。本文以2, 4, 6-三氯苯酚（2, 4, 6-TCP）为模式化合物，利用微生物燃料电池对其进行降解，着重研究了初始pH、温度、外阻及2, 4, 6-TCP初始浓度对微生物燃料电池处理2, 4, 6-TCP降解效果的影响及驯化过程中阳极微生物群落的演变规律，并将微生物燃料电池处理方法与微生物直接降解、电化学氧化降解、化学法降解等进行比较分析。初始pH、温度、外阻及2, 4, 6-TCP初始浓度均会对微生物燃料电池处理2, 4, 6-TCP的降解效果产生影响。微生物燃料电池处理2, 4, 6-TCP的最优条件为pH 7.0、25℃、510 Ω；在最优条件下处理2, 4, 6-TCP溶液，2, 4, 6-TCP初始浓度越高，2, 4, 6-TCP的降解率越低。当2, 4, 6-TCP初始浓度分别为30 mg/L、150 mg/L、300 mg/L时，7天对2, 4, 6-TCP的降解率分别为100%、89.96%、51.31%。Geoalkalibacter、Alishewanella、Alcanivorax、Clostrium、Luteimonas等菌均会受到2, 4, 6-TCP的抑制作用，而Halomonas、Truepera、Rhodobacteraceae、Euzebyaceae等菌能够较好的适应有三氯苯酚的环境，可能对2, 4, 6-TCP的降解起主要作用。 微生物的直接降解、电化学氧化降解、化学法降解等方法均对2, 4, 6-TCP的降解有一定作用。微生物对2, 4, 6-TCP的直接降解作用缓慢，且厌氧条件下的降解率高于好氧条件；对于初始浓度15 mg/L的2, 4, 6-TCP溶液的分别在好氧与厌氧条件下处理40天的降解率分别为15%、58.5%。电化学氧化降解对2, 4, 6-TCP有较高的降解率，研究发现其降解的最优条件为：外加电压0.8 V，pH 7.0。在外加电压0.6 V，pH=7，35℃条件下，当2, 4, 6-TCP初始浓度分别为10 mg/L、80 mg/L、240 mg/L时，6 h对2, 4, 6-TCP的降解率分别为80.59%、58.54%、23.86%。与电化学氧化方法相比，相同时间内微生物燃料电池对2, 4, 6-TCP的降解更为彻底；而相比微生物燃料电池方法，化学法更适合处理2, 4, 6-TCP初始浓度较高的溶液。;The development of organic chlorinated compounds has greatly promoted social progress, but its refractoriness and toxicity also had a negative impact on human survival, and even harm. In this paper, 2, 4, 6-trichlorophenol (2, 4, 6-TCP) was used as a model compound to degrade it by microbial fuel cell. The effects of initial pH, temperature, external resistance and initial concentration of 2, 4, 6-TCP on the degradation of 2, 4, 6-TCP by microbial fuel cell and the evolution of anodic microbial community in the process of acclimation were studied. The treatment methods of microbial fuel cell were compared with microbial direct degradation, electrochemical oxidation degradation and chemical degradation.Initial pH, temperature, external resistance and initial concentration of 2, 4, 6-TCP all affect the degradation of 2, 4, 6-TCP in microbial fuel cell. The results showed that the optimum conditions for the treatment of 2, 4, 6-TCP by microbial fuel cell were pH 7.0, 25℃, 510 Ω. The higher the initial concentration of 2, 4, 6-TCP, the lower the degradation rate of 2, 4, 6-TCP. When the initial concentration of 2, 4, 6-TCP was 30 mg/L, 150 mg/L, 300 mg/L, the degradation rate of 2, 4, 6-TCP for 7 days was 100%, 89.96%, 51.31% respectively. Geoalkalibacter, Alishewanella, Alcanivorax, Clostrium, Luteimonas are inhibited by 2, 4, 6-TCP, while Halomonas, Truepera, Rhodobacteraceae, Euzebyaceae are better adapt to the environment with 2, 4, 6-TCP, and may play a major role in the degradation of 2, 4, 6-TCP. Microbial direct degradation, electrochemical oxidation degradation and chemical degradation can degrate 2, 4, 6-TCP. The microbial direct degradation is slow, and the degradation rate under anaerobic conditions is higher than aerobic conditions. The degradation rates of 2, 4, 6-TCP under aerobic and anaerobic conditions for 40 days were 15% and 58.5% respectively for the initial concentration of 2, 4, 6-TCP was 15 mg/L. The electrochemical oxidation degradation of 2, 4, 6-TCP has a high degradation rate. The optimum degradation conditions are as follows: applied voltage 0.8 V, pH 7. When the initial concentration of 2, 4, 6-TCP was 10 mg/L, 80 mg/L and 240 mg/L, the degradation rate of 2, 4, 6-TCP for 6 h was 80.59%, 58.54% and 23.86% respectively at the applied voltage of 0.6 V, pH 7.0 and 35℃. Compared with electrochemical oxidation degradation, microbial fuel cells degrade 2, 4, 6-TCP more thoroughly in the same time; and compared with microbial fuel cell method, chemical method is more suitable for treating solutions with higher initial concentration of 2, 4, 6-TCP