为了实现经济社会可持续繁荣发展，满足环境卫生要求，储能技术的发展至关重要。材料科学家们正投入大量精力来研发下一代高性能储能材料。鉴于硫与锂负极发生氧化还原反应能实现高达1675 mAh g-1的理论放电比容量以及硫的储量丰富和环境友好的特点，硫作为正极材料的锂硫电池受到了广泛关注。当前，锂硫电池存在的一些严重问题阻碍了其实际应用。首先，电极材料的导电性对电池的性能至关重要，然而，众所周知的是，硫本身是不导电的。第二，在放电过程中产生的多硫化锂会在正负极发生不可逆的副反应，造成容量损失。第三，在电池循环过程中，硫正极会发生剧烈的体积变化，影响电池的使用寿命和安全性。因此，在本博士研究课题中，设计并采用次序模板法（STA）制备了一种中空多壳层结构微球（HoMSs），并将其作为硫载体，以延长锂硫电池的循环寿命。 同时，深入研究了这种多壳层中空球的物理化学性质，并探讨了多壳层中空球作为硫载体对提高硫正极循环稳定性的作用。本论文的主要新颖之处是首次将多壳层微纳结构中空球作为硫载体应用于锂硫电池正极材料中。在此前，TiO2作为一种半导体材料，因其具备良好的化学稳定性而被用来作为硫载体材料。实际上，为了维持在长循环过程中材料的高机械强度，实现聚硫阴离子的高效吸附及电子和离子在多通道中的快速迁移，载体材料的结构设计是关键。因此，为了满足上述需求，我们设计并合成了具有均一形貌的多壳层中空结构TiO2微球，并研究了其作为硫载体的电池性能。结果表明，三壳层中空结构TiO2微球作为硫载体时呈现出优异的电化学性能，该电池在0.5C的电流密度下，循环160圈后容量依然保持在623 mAh g-1。为了进一步提高TiO2的本征电导率，基于我们之前利用次序模板法调节材料带隙的研究，设计并合成了形貌可控、尺寸均一的多壳层中空结构TiO2-x微球，并将其作为硫载体。制备的多壳层中空结构TiO2-x 微球通过物理束缚和化学吸附的协同作用来抑制聚硫离子的溶解，同时这种独特的结构也可以缩短硫正极中的电荷转移路径。当三壳层的中空TiO2-x微球作为硫载体时，在0.5C的电流密度下，硫正极能显示出903 mAh g-1的放电容量，循环1000圈后容量保持率为79%，并实现97.5%的高库伦效率。电池所呈现出的优异的电化学性能应该归结于这种三壳层中空结构TiO2-x微球独特的空间限域能力和其本身所具有的良好的导电性，同时材料本身对聚硫离子强有力的化学吸附和机械强度以及这种特殊的三壳层结构对聚硫离子的物理束缚和电荷转移路径的缩短，也对实现优异的电化学性能有所帮助。我们进而设计并合成了另一种具有优异性能的核壳结构C@TiO2-x硫载体。所制备的核壳结构C@TiO2-x尺寸均匀，当负载56%质量百分数的硫时，放电比容量高达1456 mAh g-1，100次循环后容量保持率为97 %，这得益于其均匀的核壳结构、较多的极性活性位点以及相对较大的比表面积。;In order to achieve sustainable economic and social development and meet environmental sanitation requirements, the development of energy storage technology is of paramount importance. Materials scientists are investing a lot of energy in developing the next generation of high-performance energy storage materials. In view of the oxidation-reduction reaction between sulfur and lithium anode, the theoretical discharge specific capacity of up to 1675 mAh g-1 and the abundant sulfur storage and environmental friendliness are obtained, lithium-sulfur batteries with sulfur as a cathode material have received extensive attention.At present, some serious problems in lithium-sulfur batteries have hindered their practical application. First, the conductivity of the electrode material is critical to the performance of the battery, however, it is well known that sulfur itself is not electrically conductive. Second, lithium polysulfide generated during discharge will cause irreversible side reactions at the positive and negative electrodes, resulting in capacity loss. Third, during the battery cycle, the sulfur positive electrode will undergo a dramatic volume change, which affects the service life and safety of the battery. Therefore, in this Ph.D. research topic, a hollow multi-shell microspheres (HoMSs) were designed and fabricated using the sequential template method (STA) and used as a sulfur carrier to extend the cycle life of lithium-sulfur batteries. At the same time, the physicochemical properties of this multi-shelled hollow sphere were studied in depth, and the effect of multi-shell hollow spheres as sulfur carrier on improving the stability of sulfur cathode circulation was discussed.The main novelty of this thesis is that the multi-shell hollow spheres are used as the sulfur carrier for the first time in the cathode materials of lithium-sulfur batteries. Previously, TiO2 was used as a semiconductor material because it has good chemical stability and was used as a sulfur carrier material. In fact, in order to maintain the high mechanical strength of the material during long cycling, to achieve efficient adsorption of polysulfide anions and rapid migration of electrons and ions in multiple channels, the structural design of the support material is critical. Therefore, in order to meet the above requirements, we designed and synthesized hollow multi-shell structure TiO2 with uniform morphology, and studied its battery performance as a sulfur carrier. The results show that the triple-shell hollow structure TiO2 exhibit excellent electrochemical performance when used as a sulfur carrier. The battery still maintains a capacity of 623 mAh g-1 after 160 cycles at a current density of 0.5C. In order to improve the intrinsic conductivity of TiO2, based on our previous study of adjusting the band gap of materials by order template method, a multi-shell hollow structured TiO2-x with controllable morphology and uniform size was designed and synthesized. As a sulfur carrier, the TiO2-x with multi-shell hollow structure inhibit the dissolution of polysulfide ions by the synergistic action of physical binding and chemisorption, and this unique structure can shorten the charge transfer path in the sulfur positive electrode. When the hollow triple-shelled TiO2-x Structure are used as the sulfur carrier, the sulfur positive electrode can exhibit a discharge capacity of 903 mAh g-1 at a current density of 0.5 C, and the capacity retention rate after 1000 cycles is 79%, achieving a high coulomb efficiency of 97.5%. The excellent electrochemical performance exhibited by the battery could attributed to the unique spatial confinement ability of the hollow triple-shelled TiO2-x structure and its good electrical conductivity, while the material itself is stable against polysulfide ions. The strong chemical adsorption and mechanical strength, as well as the physical binding of polysulfide ions and the shortening of the charge transfer path of this special triple-shelled structure, also contribute to the realization of excellent electrochemical performance. We further designed and synthesized another core-shell structured C@TiO2-x sulfur carrier with excellent properties. The prepared core-shell structured C@TiO2-x is uniform in size. When sulfur loading is 56 wt%, the specific discharge capacity is as high as 1456 mAh g-1, and the capacity retention rate after 100 cycles is 97%, which is benefited from uniform core-shell structure, more polar active sites and a relatively large specific surface area.