Macrofossil evidence unveiling evolution of male cones in Ephedraceae (Gnetidae)

doi:10.1186/s12862-018-1243-9

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	Macrofossil evidence unveiling evolution of male cones in Ephedraceae (Gnetidae)
	Yang, Yong ; Lin, Longbiao 4; Ferguson, David K.; Wang, Yingwei 2
刊名	BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
	2018
卷号	18
关键词	Early cretaceous Ephedra Evolution Gnetophytes Jehol biota Male cone Yixian formation
ISSN号	1471-2148
DOI	10.1186/s12862-018-1243-9
文献子类	Article
英文摘要	Background: Male cones of modern Ephedraceae are compound and compact. No fossil evidence has so far been found to support an origin of the compact compound male cone from a hypothetical loosely-arranged shoot system. Results: Here we describe a new macrofossil taxon, Eamesia chinensis Yang, Lin, Ferguson et Wang, gen. et sp. nov., from the Early Cretaceous of western Liaoning, northeastern China. It was an ephedroid shrub bearing male spikes terminal to twigs, but differs from modern Ephedraceae by its loosely-arranged male cones, the axillary male shoot consisting of an elongated synangiophore on which leaf-like foliar organs were inserted, and four sessile synangia terminal to the apex. Conclusions: The morphology of this fossil suggests that the modern compact male cone of Ephedra was indeed derived from a once loosely-arranged shoot system, and the male reproductive unit originated from a once elongated axillary male shoot This new fossil species thus provides a transitional link from the hypothetical ancestral shoot system to the modern compact morphology. Changes of habitat from closed humid forests to open dry deserts and shifts of the pollination syndrome may have acted as the driving forces behind this morphological evolution.
学科主题	Evolutionary Biology ; Genetics & Heredity
出版地	LONDON
WOS关键词	CRETACEOUS YIXIAN FORMATION ; NORTHEASTERN CHINA ; NORTH-AMERICA ; LIAONING PROVINCE ; SP-NOV ; GNETALES ; FOSSIL ; DIVERSITY ; SEEDS ; PHYLOGENY
语种	英语
出版者	BMC
WOS记录号	WOS:000443107300001
资助机构	National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [31770211, 31270238, 31470301]
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://ir.ibcas.ac.cn/handle/2S10CLM1/20343]
专题	系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室
作者单位	1.Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Bot Garden, 20 Nanxincun, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China 2.Ferguson, David K.] Univ Vienna, Dept Paleontol, A-1090 Vienna, Austria 3.China Railway Grp Ltd, 69 Fuxing Rd, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China 4.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, State Key Lab Systemat & Evolutionary Bot, 20 Nanxincun, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Yang, Yong,Lin, Longbiao,Ferguson, David K.,et al. Macrofossil evidence unveiling evolution of male cones in Ephedraceae (Gnetidae)[J]. BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY,2018,18.
APA	Yang, Yong,Lin, Longbiao,Ferguson, David K.,&Wang, Yingwei.(2018).Macrofossil evidence unveiling evolution of male cones in Ephedraceae (Gnetidae).BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY,18.
MLA	Yang, Yong,et al."Macrofossil evidence unveiling evolution of male cones in Ephedraceae (Gnetidae)".BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY 18(2018).