Design and Testing of the Front-End Electronics of WCDA in LHAASO | |
Aharonian, F.34,35; An, Q.32,33; Axikegu31; Bai, L. X.30; Bai, Y. X.28,29; Bao, Y. W.27; Bastieri, D.26; Bi, X. J.25,28,29; Bi, Y. J.28,29; Cai, H.24 | |
刊名 | IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE |
2021-08 | |
卷号 | 68期号:8页码:2257-2267 |
关键词 | Charge measurement Clocks Dynamic range Gain measurement Detectors Field programmable gate arrays Cosmic rays Front-end electronics (FEE) large dynamic range Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) time and charge measurement water Cherenkov detector array (WCDA) |
ISSN号 | 0018-9499 |
DOI | 10.1109/TNS.2021.3092739 |
产权排序 | 第25完成单位 |
文献子类 | Article |
英文摘要 | Water Cherenkov detector array (WCDA) is one of the key parts of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO), the construction of which was completed by the end of 2020. The WCDA covers a 78 000-m(2) area and there exist 3120 large size photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) in three ponds: 8-in PMTs are used in WCDA pond No. 1 and 20-in PMTs are used in ponds No. 2 and No. 3. The front-end electronics (FEE) system based on multigain measurement technique is designed to achieve both high-precision time and charge measurements over a large dynamic range from single photon electron (S.P.E.) to 4000 P.E. (for water pond No. 1)/1800 P.E. (for water ponds No. 2 and No. 3). To achieve a high-quality clock distribution and phase alignment as well as mixed transmission of data, clock, and commands in one fiber over a long distance, an enhanced white rabbit (WR) technique is used. Testing of all the 350 FEE modules for the WCDA is presented in this article. Test results indicate that the charge resolution is better than 20% at S.P.E. and 1% at 1800/4000 P.E. and the time resolution is better than 300 ps root mean square (rms), which successfully meets the application requirement. All the FEE modules have been fabricated and installed for the LHAASO WCDA from 2018 to 2020, and the initial commissioning operation indicates that the FEEs function well. |
学科主题 | 工程与技术科学基础学科 ; 核科学技术 ; 电子、通信与自动控制技术 |
URL标识 | 查看原文 |
出版地 | 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA |
资助项目 | National Key Research and Development Program of China in China[2018YFA0404201] ; National Key Research and Development Program of China in China[2018YFA0404202] ; National Key Research and Development Program of China in China[2018YFA0404203] ; National Key Research and Development Program of China in China[2018YFA0404204] ; NSFCNational Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)[11722545] ; NSFCNational Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)[12022502] ; NSFCNational Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)[11905227] ; NSFCNational Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)[U1931112] ; NSFCNational Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)[11635011] ; NSFCNational Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)[11761141001] ; Thailand Science Research and Innovation in Thailand[RTA6280002] ; Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS ; CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics (CCEPP) ; Chengdu Management Committee of Tianfu New Area |
WOS研究方向 | Engineering ; Nuclear Science & Technology |
语种 | 英语 |
出版者 | IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC |
WOS记录号 | WOS:000687247300101 |
资助机构 | National Key Research and Development Program of China in China[2018YFA0404201, 2018YFA0404202, 2018YFA0404203, 2018YFA0404204] ; NSFCNational Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)[11722545, 12022502, 11905227, U1931112, 11635011, 11761141001] ; Thailand Science Research and Innovation in Thailand[RTA6280002] ; Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS ; CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics (CCEPP) ; Chengdu Management Committee of Tianfu New Area |
内容类型 | 期刊论文 |
版本 | 出版稿 |
源URL | [http://ir.ynao.ac.cn/handle/114a53/24550] |
专题 | 云南天文台_高能天体物理研究组 |
通讯作者 | Zhao, L. |
作者单位 | 1.Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 2.Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; 3.National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; 4.Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia; 5.Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Naples, Italy; 6.Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; 7.School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China; 8.School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; 9.School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China; 10.Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Aharonian, F.,An, Q.,Axikegu,et al. Design and Testing of the Front-End Electronics of WCDA in LHAASO[J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE,2021,68(8):2257-2267. |
APA | Aharonian, F..,An, Q..,Axikegu.,Bai, L. X..,Bai, Y. X..,...&Zuo, X..(2021).Design and Testing of the Front-End Electronics of WCDA in LHAASO.IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE,68(8),2257-2267. |
MLA | Aharonian, F.,et al."Design and Testing of the Front-End Electronics of WCDA in LHAASO".IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE 68.8(2021):2257-2267. |
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