Osteohistology of the Scapulocoracoid of Confuciusornis and Preliminary Analysis of the Shoulder Joint in Aves

doi:10.3389/feart.2021.617124

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	Osteohistology of the Scapulocoracoid of Confuciusornis and Preliminary Analysis of the Shoulder Joint in Aves
	Wu, Qian 2,3,4; Bailleul, Alida M.3,4; Li, Zhiheng 3,4; O'Connor, Jingmai 1,3,4; Zhou, Zhonghe 3,4
刊名	FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
	2021-04-13
卷号	9 页码:16
关键词	Confuciusornis histology scapulocoracoid pectoral girdle cretaceous birds
DOI	10.3389/feart.2021.617124
通讯作者	Wu, Qian(wuqian@ivpp.ac.cn) ; O'Connor, Jingmai(jingmai.oconnor@gmail.com)
英文摘要	As key components of the tetrapod pectoral girdle, the scapula and coracoid have played a significant role in the evolution of forelimb locomotion among terrestrial vertebrates. The transition from a rigid fused scapulocoracoid in ancestral non-avian theropods to a presumably more flexible separated scapula-coracoid in early birds is considered to be one of the key morphological transitions related to the rapid refinement of flight. In most Mesozoic birds (e.g., Enantiornithes and Ornithuromorpha) and crown birds the scapula and coracoid are separate (unfused), with few exceptions (e.g., flightless paleognaths). In contrast, in Confuciusornis, a basal pygostylian from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota known from thousands of specimens, the scapula and coracoid remain plesiomorphically fused. This raises questions regarding the influence of shoulder girdle architecture on the early evolution and refinement of avian flight. The paravian scapula-coracoid joint has never previously been investigated using histology, and thus joint morphology has only been inferred superficially. In order to better understand the evolution of this joint in Mesozoic birds, we make the first histological study of the scapulocoracoid glenoid joint in Confuciusornis. The results demonstrate that the scapula and coracoid both consist of cancellous and compact bone, with both fibrolamellar and parallel-fibered structure. A thin layer of calcified cartilage is present on the glenoid fossa surface, representing remnants of the articular surface for the humerus. Both histology and computed tomography reveal that the scapulocoracoid of Confuciusornis is fully fused, forming a synostosis. Humeral histology suggests the studied individual was nearing completion of its first year of growth, suggesting the Confuciusornis scapulocoracoid fused before skeletal maturity was achieved, as in flightless paleognaths, whereas in the plesiomorphic condition fusion occurs late in ontogeny. We hypothesize the fused scapulocoracoid of Confuciusornis is secondarily evolved and suggest the primary factor responsible for this morphology may have been a decrease in mechanical stimulation at the glenoid of Confuciusornis relative to other volant birds, linked to the unique flight style of this taxon. Further investigation into the histology of the glenoid joint in other Mesozoic paravians and extant birds will help to clarify the morphological transition of the scapula-coracoid joint in early avian evolution.
资助项目	National Natural Science Foundation of China[41688103]
WOS关键词	BIZARRE JURASSIC MANIRAPTORAN ; BIRD SAPEORNIS-CHAOYANGENSIS ; PALAEOGNATHOUS BIRDS ; BASAL BIRD ; THEROPOD ; ARCHAEOPTERYX ; SPECIMEN ; CHINA ; EVOLUTION ; DINOSAUR
WOS研究方向	Geology
语种	英语
出版者	FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
WOS记录号	WOS:000644419600001
资助机构	National Natural Science Foundation of China
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://119.78.100.205/handle/311034/18411]
专题	古脊椎动物与古人类研究所_图书馆1
通讯作者	Wu, Qian; O'Connor, Jingmai
作者单位	1.Field Museum Nat Hist, Chicago, IL 60605 USA 2.Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China 3.CAS Ctr Excellence Life & Paleoenvironm, Beijing, Peoples R China 4.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Vertebrate Paleontol & Paleoanthropol, Key Lab Vertebrate Evolut & Human Origins, Beijing, Peoples R China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Wu, Qian,Bailleul, Alida M.,Li, Zhiheng,et al. Osteohistology of the Scapulocoracoid of Confuciusornis and Preliminary Analysis of the Shoulder Joint in Aves[J]. FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE,2021,9:16.
APA	Wu, Qian,Bailleul, Alida M.,Li, Zhiheng,O'Connor, Jingmai,&Zhou, Zhonghe.(2021).Osteohistology of the Scapulocoracoid of Confuciusornis and Preliminary Analysis of the Shoulder Joint in Aves.FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE,9,16.
MLA	Wu, Qian,et al."Osteohistology of the Scapulocoracoid of Confuciusornis and Preliminary Analysis of the Shoulder Joint in Aves".FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE 9(2021):16.