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题名	海带硫酸酯多糖的提取分离研究
作者	黄猛
学位类别	硕士
答辩日期	2000-07
授予单位	中国科学院研究生院
导师	王玉春
关键词	海带硫酸酯多糖 超声破碎提取 絮凝 电场絮凝 萃取 反萃
学位专业	生物化工
中文摘要	为了改变我国海藻多糖依靠水煮及乙醇沉淀法的落后现状，研究开发新的海藻多糖提取分离方法，在海洋863青年基金项目819-Q-15的支持下，本论文以以海带为原料，在浸提方面研究了气升式循环超声破碎浸提工艺及装置；在海藻硫酸酯多糖提取方面进行了絮凝分离和外加电场强化絮凝分离的研究；在分离方面进行了溶剂萃取研究。实验中采用了超声波破碎的方法破碎海带颗粒，从中提取海带多糖。实验所用装置为自制1.2升、8升气升式超声浸提装置。研究结果表明：在1.2升浸提装置中，颗粒的粒度提取率的影响是：随颗粒粒度的增大，提取率下降；随着液固比的增加，提取率上升，但由于液固比过高，提取液的多糖浓度过低，因此考虑液固比在40比较好。在8升超声浸提装置中进行多糖提取实验结果表明，最佳提取率时的通气量是1.0m~3/h；随超声提取时间的增加提取率上升，但提取时间到达40分钟以后，随提取时间上升提取率增加不大；在实验的功率范围内（60-150w）提取率是随功率上升而上升的。超声提取结束后的通气搅拌时间对提取率的影响关系如下：随搅拌时间上升，提取率上升，搅拌时间达到20分钟以后，再增加搅拌时间，对提取率的影响不大。在硫酸酯多糖的电场絮凝实验中，试验了不同絮凝剂，得到结果如下：温度对电场絮凝影响很大，提高温度有利于多糖的絮凝沉淀。存在一个最佳温度40℃，此时絮凝作用最好；在壳聚糖单独作为絮凝剂时最佳pH值为7，电场强度20v/cm，电场作用时间20分钟，搅拌速度以先900rpm转速搅拌5分钟，然后以300rpm的转速搅拌10分钟为佳。絮凝剂的选择是絮凝率高低的一个重要影响因素，研究表明聚苯乙烯磺酸钠和壳聚糖复合絮凝剂絮凝效果比单独一种絮凝剂效果更佳。在以壳聚糖和聚苯乙烯磺酸钠作复合絮凝剂时，最佳pH值为6，电场强度30v/cm，电场作用时间30分钟。萃取法在海洋生物多糖的分离方面的应用可以说还是空白。采用非水性功能试剂和溶剂取代水溶性试剂进行了海带硫酸酯多糖的萃取分离研究。萃取实验结果如下：季铵盐7402，7407作萃取剂萃取率可达90%以上。以7402作萃取剂，在同一pH值下，萃取率随着萃取剂浓度的增加而增加。萃取剂浓度到达2%时，萃取率不随pH值变化而变化。以7407作萃取剂，萃取剂浓度为2%时，萃取率受pH值的影响，在酸性条件下萃取率高达95%左右，在中性和碱性条件下则小于50%。低萃取剂浓度时，萃取率低，但反萃率高；高萃取剂浓度时，萃取率高，反萃率低。
英文摘要	To develop some novel separation methods of fucoidan from laminar, this thesis composes of related three parts of content: leaching of fucoidan from laminar with ultrasonic wave in 1.2L and 8L air-lift reactor; fucoidan flocculation from ultrasonic leaching solution using electric flocculation method and extraction of fucoidan with organic solvent. Ultrasonic wave was applied to break laminar cells and make laminar fucoidan release in liquid phase. From the research in 1.2L air-lift reactor, the experiment results showed that in 1.2L reactor, polysaccharide extraction rate decreased with the increase of particle size and increased with the increase of liquid/solid ratio, the optimum liquid/solid ratio was 40. The results obtained in 8L reactor showed that the optimum air flow rate at maximum extraction rate was 1.0m~3/h, Lengthening the extraction time could enhance the extraction rate but after 40 minutes the effect was not marked. In the range from 60w to 150 w of ultrasonic power, the more powerful the power applied the higher the extraction rate. Air continuous stirring time after ultrasonic extraction carried out had significant effect on the extraction rate. The results showed that extraction rate increased with increase of the air stirring time and reached the maximum value when the stirring time was 20 minutes, hereafter extraction rate did not change remarkably. In addition, the flocculation of fucoidan with different flocculent in an electric field was investigated. The results showed that temperature was an important factor to electric flocculation. The optimum temperature to electric flocculation was 40 ℃. When chitosan was used as the flocculent, the optimum pH value was 7, electric field intensity was 20v/cm, imposed electric field time on the flocculation was 20 minutes, the optimum stirring speed was: 990rpm stirring 5 minutes, and then 300rpm stirring 10 minutes. When a complex flocculent composed of polystyrene sulfonicsodium(PSS) and chitosan was applied, the optimum pH value was 6.electric field intensity on the flocculation was 30v/cm, the time imposed electric field was 30 minutes, the optimum stirring speed was the same as mentioned above. Extraction method applied in the halobios polysaccharide separation has rarely been reported, so the studies of nonaqueous functional reagent and solvent used in the polysaccharide extraction process was carried out. 7301,7402,7407, and 7101 were used in laminar fucoidan extraction, the results of extraction experiments showed that the extractant 7402 and 7407 have higher extraction rate than 7301 and 7101. Extractant 7407 (2%) had higher extraction rate at pH value range from 2 to 4 (about 95%). At the same pH VALUE, the extraction rate increased with the increase of extractant 7402 concentration. When extractant concentration was low, the extraction rate was low, but strip rate was high; at a high extractant concentration, the extraction rate was high, but strip rate was low.
语种	中文
公开日期	2013-09-26
页码	91
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.ipe.ac.cn/handle/122111/1943]
专题	过程工程研究所_研究所（批量导入）
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	黄猛. 海带硫酸酯多糖的提取分离研究[D]. 中国科学院研究生院. 2000.

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