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题名	农作物抗寒制剂的研制
作者	何璐
学位类别	硕士
答辩日期	2011-05-25
授予单位	中国科学院研究生院
导师	张小勇
关键词	抗寒制剂 低温冷害 浸种 农作物 棉花
其他题名	Preparation of cold resistant agent for crop
学位专业	生物化工
中文摘要	为解决低温逆境中的农作物种子出苗率低、幼苗长势弱等问题，论文通过对与植物抗寒性相关的生化物质进行研究，研制出棉花专用抗寒生化制剂，并进行了盆栽试验作用效果及作用机理研究，为其田间试验提供依据。通过浸种处理和沙培试验方法，研究了α-NAA、GA3、Bet、Pro、D-半乳糖、甘露醇、海藻糖、水杨酸、腐胺、Vc、VB6、H3BO3、CaCl2等13种与植物抗寒性相关的生化物质对低温胁迫下的棉种及其幼苗的生长促进效应，筛选出棉花专用抗寒制剂的组合配方，其主要成分有GA3、VB6、Bet和Pro，组成是GA3∶VB6∶Bet∶Pro=1∶3.3∶267∶167。同时针对实际生产的拌种应用需求，研制出可直接拌种用的固体型抗寒制剂，其最佳用量为每千克棉种2.5g。通过盆栽实验研究了抗寒制剂的作用效果，结果表明拌种处理可以明显提高棉种出苗率及幼苗长势：在25℃非低温胁迫和18℃低温胁迫下，处理组棉种的出苗时间较对照组分别提前0.9天和1.1天，出苗率分别提高4.12%和24.10%，株高分别提高了1.00%和26.17%，叶片鲜重分别提高了8.90%和8.51%，叶片干重分别提高了3.32%和8.57%。抗寒制剂的作用机理研究结果表明，拌种处理后的棉花幼苗，其与抗寒性相关的生理生化指标都明显好于对照组，尤其是在低温胁迫条件下，抗寒制剂的促进效应更为明显；在25℃非低温胁迫和18℃低温胁迫下，处理组幼苗的相对含水量分别提高1.55%和3.66%，蒸腾速率分别提高15.18%和45.98%，叶绿素含量分别提高3.01%和9.23%；另外在非胁迫和胁迫两种条件下，处理组幼苗的脯氨酸含量分别提高12.53%和21.03%，MDA含量分别减少4.65%和72.19%，CAT活性分别提高0.16%和11.53%。因此，抗寒制剂能很好的促进棉种及棉苗的新陈代谢，增强其在低温下的抗逆性，同时为抗寒制剂的下一步田间试验论证和推广提供实验研究基础。 关键词：抗寒制剂，低温冷害，浸种，农作物，棉花
英文摘要	To solve the problem of emergence and survival rate of cotton seedlings under low temperature stress, several biochemical substances related with cold resistance were studied, and a type of cold resistant biochemical agent for cotton was prepared. The effects and mechanism of the agent were also analyzed through pot culture experiments to provide basis for the agricultural applications. The promoting effects of thirteen biochemical substances on increasing emergence rate of cotton seedlings under cold stress were investigated through seed soaking treatment and sand-cultivation. The biochemical substances included α-NAA, GA3, Bet, Pro, D-galactose, mannitol, trehalose, salicylic acid, putrescine, Vc, VB6, H3BO3, CaCl2. A formulation of cold resistant agent, containing GA3, VB6, Bet and Pro, were screened out and the proportion was GA3∶VB6∶Bet∶Pro=1∶3.3∶267∶167. Moreover, a kind of solid state agent was also developed to meet the demand of seed dressing in the actual production, and the optimum dosage was 2.5g per kilogram cotton seed. The emergence rate and seedling growth potential of seedlings had been promoted obviously after treated with the agent. In non-cold stress, the germination time of treated group was 0.9 day earlier than control group, and the emergence rate, plant height, fresh weight and dry weight had increased by 4.12%, 1.00%, 8.90%, 3.32%, respectively. In cold stress, the germination time of treated group was 1.1 day earlier than control group, and the emergence rate, plant height, fresh weight and dry weight had increased by 24.10%, 26.17%, 8.51%, and 8.57%, respectively. The mechanism research revealed that some cold-resistance relative characters of physiological and biochemical index of treated seedlings, were also better than control group. In cold stress, the relative water content, transpiration rate, chlorophyll content, proline content, MDA content and CAT activity of treated seedlings increased by 3.66%, 45.98%, 9.23%,21.03%, -72.19%, and 1.53%, respectively. However, in non-cold stress, the relative water content, transpiration rate, chlorophyll content, proline content, MDA content and CAT activity of treated seedlings increased only by 1.55%, 15.18%, 3.01%, 12.53%, -4.65%, 0.16%, respectively. Key words: cold resistant agent, cold stress, seed soaking, cotton, crop
语种	中文
公开日期	2013-09-24
页码	63
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.ipe.ac.cn/handle/122111/1719]
专题	过程工程研究所_研究所（批量导入）
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	何璐. 农作物抗寒制剂的研制[D]. 中国科学院研究生院. 2011.

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