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题名	阻燃型聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料的研制
作者	董金路
学位类别	硕士
答辩日期	2008-05-31
授予单位	中国科学院过程工程研究所
授予地点	过程工程研究所
导师	曹宏斌
关键词	阻燃聚醚多元醇 发泡剂 阻燃剂 可膨胀石墨 热降解 聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料
其他题名	Study on flame retarded polyurethane rigid foams
学位专业	化学工艺
中文摘要	本文针对聚氨酯工业中阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫进行了研究，分别对聚醚多元醇起始物料体系、阻燃型聚醚多元醇的合成、添加阻燃剂等进行了详细的研究。对聚氨酯发泡剂种类及异氰酸酯指数等发泡工艺进行了考察，并在此基础上考察了阻燃剂间的协同作用，得出了阻燃型聚氨酯泡沫塑料制备技术，对该泡沫塑料的阻燃性能和物理机械性能进行了研究。主要研究内容和创新点如下： （1）研究了起始剂对泡沫塑料阻燃性能的影响，得出含有苯环和脂肪环的四物料体系并合成出阻燃性能良好、适合水发泡的阻燃聚醚多元醇，同时采用水作为发泡剂，确定了异氰酸酯指数1.05的最佳发泡工艺条件。 （2）考察了以可膨胀石墨为主的阻燃剂对泡沫塑料阻燃性能的影响。利用阻燃剂间的协同效应，得出了石墨、磷、锑比为1︰1︰1的复合阻燃体系，泡沫氧指数可达33，压缩强度为280kPa左右，达到了国家建筑物阻燃B1级标准，且泡沫阻燃效果较稳定。 （3）利用TG考察了阻燃泡沫塑料在氮气和空气气氛下的热分解特征、动力学及半衰期和寿命。发现泡沫在氮气气氛下热解时表现出一个明显的失重阶段，在空气中则出现两个明显的失重阶段，分别受热解机理与热氧化机理所控制，泡沫塑料100℃以下使用非常稳定，半衰期长达24年。
英文摘要	The flame retarded polyurethane rigid foams were discussed and effects of different kinds of raw materials, flame retarded polyether polyol, which was made of aromatic alcohol, aliphatic alcohol are discussed in detail. At the same time discussed the blowing agent and isocyanate index on flame-retardant performance of the rigid PU foam. Prepared the final flame retarded polyurethane foams and test the physical properties of the foams. The main creative points of the study are as follows: (1) The effect of raw materials on foams is discussed, the normal polyether polyols mainly made of aromatic alcohol, aliphatic alcohol. Made the flame retarded polyether polyols that can be used to made flame retarded polyurethane foams. The research selected the water to be the blowing agent and made sure of the isocyanate index 1.05 on flame-retardant performance of the rigid foams. (2) The effect of different flame retardants on the polyurethane foams were studied, discussed the effect of different particle sizes and level of expandable graphite in detail. The research made the flame retardants contained EG: P: Ti=1:1:1 by the synergistic mechanical of the different flame retardants. The results show that the flame-retardant effect of the PU foams is improved with oxygen index 33%, compressive strength 280 kPa, which reaches the Chinese national standard of flame-retardant B1 grade. The level of the flame retardants is low and the effect is steady. (3) The thermal decomposition behaviors, kinetics and life of flame retarded rigid foams were analyzed completely by the TG technique. The degradation of sample in nitrogen showed only single weight loss stage, while the decomposition in air indicated two main weight loss stages controlled by pyrolysis and thermo-oxidation mechanism, respectively. The foams are steady under the temperature of 100℃ and half-life is 24 year.
语种	中文
公开日期	2013-09-13
页码	87
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.ipe.ac.cn/handle/122111/1215]
专题	过程工程研究所_研究所（批量导入）
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	董金路. 阻燃型聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料的研制[D]. 过程工程研究所. 中国科学院过程工程研究所. 2008.

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