The Impacts of Material-Energy-Water-Carbon Nexus on the Sustainability of Lighting Technologies

doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c00324

	The Impacts of Material-Energy-Water-Carbon Nexus on the Sustainability of Lighting Technologies
	Elshkaki, Ayman 1,2,3
刊名	ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
	2021-03-22
卷号	9 期号:11 页码:4224-4233
关键词	Material Energy Water Carbon Nexus Scenario analysis Lighting technologies Sustainability
ISSN号	2168-0485
DOI	10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c00324
通讯作者	Elshkaki, Ayman(ayman@igsnrr.ac.cn)
英文摘要	Lighting technologies including fluorescent lamps (FL) and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are significant enough to reduce buildings' energy demand and associated CO2 emissions. These technologies however require several metals that have limited availability, produced as companion metals in a small number of countries and classified as hazardous, and their production is associated with significant energy, water, and CO2 emissions. This paper discusses material-energy-water-carbon nexus impacts on the sustainability of lighting technologies and provides comprehensive assessment of their materials inflows, outflows, and stocks and associated energy, water, and CO2 emissions using a dynamic material flow-stock model and several scenarios for regional buildings' floor area and lighting demands; lighting technologies' market share and luminous efficacy; and energy, water, and emissions intensities. The highest demand for metals compared to current production or reserves is expected for Ga, Ge, Y, and Ag. The highest energy, emissions, and water demands are associated with Al, Cu, and Y. Although increasing LED technology market share increases cumulative energy, emissions, and water (EEW), increasing technologies' luminous efficacy reduces EEW by 31% and increasing lifetime reduces EEW by 37%. Changes in EEW intensities reduced energy by 14%, emissions by 26%, and water by 2%. Increasing luminous efficacy and lifetime and reducing intensities reduce energy by 55%, emissions by 60%, and water by 49%.
资助项目	Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences[XDA19040102] ; National Key Research and Development Program of China[2016YFA0602802] ; International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences[131A11KYSB20170117]
WOS研究方向	Chemistry ; Science & Technology - Other Topics ; Engineering
语种	英语
出版者	AMER CHEMICAL SOC
WOS记录号	WOS:000636758600028
资助机构	Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences ; National Key Research and Development Program of China ; International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://ir.igsnrr.ac.cn/handle/311030/161818]
专题	中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所
通讯作者	Elshkaki, Ayman
作者单位	1.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res IGSNRR, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China 2.Minist Land & Resources, Key Lab Carrying Capac Assessment Resource & Envi, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China 3.Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Elshkaki, Ayman. The Impacts of Material-Energy-Water-Carbon Nexus on the Sustainability of Lighting Technologies[J]. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING,2021,9(11):4224-4233.
APA	Elshkaki, Ayman.(2021).The Impacts of Material-Energy-Water-Carbon Nexus on the Sustainability of Lighting Technologies.ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING,9(11),4224-4233.
MLA	Elshkaki, Ayman."The Impacts of Material-Energy-Water-Carbon Nexus on the Sustainability of Lighting Technologies".ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 9.11(2021):4224-4233.