Seasonality of reproduction of wild black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) at Mt. Lasha, Yunnan, China

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	Seasonality of reproduction of wild black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) at Mt. Lasha, Yunnan, China
	Huang ZP 1,3; Cui LW 2,3; Scott MB 1; Wang SJ 1,3; Xiao W*1,2; xiaowen.dali@gmail.com
刊名	PRIMATES
	2012
卷号	53 期号:3 页码:237-245
关键词	Reproduction Photoperiod Environmental Cues Mt. Lasha Black-and-white Snub-nosed Monkey
英文摘要	Black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) inhabit one of the harshest habitats by any nonhuman primate. Reliable predictive cues to initiate reproduction may be particularly critical for R. bieti because they inhabit such seasonally energetically challenging environments. To better understand the seasonal distribution of and predictive cues to reproduction, we collected breeding and birth data in a population of R. bieti at Mt. Lasha in Yunling Nature Reserve, Yunnan, China, from January 2008 to May 2010, using a combination of 10-min instantaneous scans and ad libitum observations. We examined variations in temperature, rainfall, and food availability, as well as photoperiod differences between Mt. Lasha and the more northerly Xiaochangdu to identify environmental influences on the timing of reproductive events. Our data show the area exhibited distinct seasonal fluctuations in rainfall, temperature, and food availability. Mating occurred year-round, but peaked in August, coinciding with the end of the period of highest temperatures and food availability, and during the peak rainfall. Copulation frequency peaked 1 month after corresponding peaks in staple foods, rainfall, and minimum temperatures, and 3-4 months after peaks in high-quality foods. Births were significantly seasonal, with a birth peak from mid-February to early April, and a mean birth date of 14 March. Eleven births occurred in 41 days in 2009, and 16 births occurred in 52 days in 2010. Births occurred during periods of increasing temperatures and food availability. Our findings are suggestive of at least one environmental control of conception timing, and support the notion that food availability during key reproductive stages is an ultimate factor for birth seasonality, but provide no supporting evidence for photoperiod during the conception season as a proximate cue to reproduction in R. bieti.
语种	英语
WOS记录号	WOS:000306440300005
资助机构	This study was supported by the Committee for Research and Exploration, National Geographic Society (GRANT #7962-05), TNC ‘‘Conservation Ecology of Yunnan Snub-Nosed Monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) at Two Geographic Extremes of Spe- cies Range,’’ PhD Funding from Dali University, National Natural Science Foundation of China (#31160422, #30960084, #30960085), Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province (ZK09A313), Key Subject of Wildlife Conservation and Utilization in Yunnan Province (XKZ200904), and ‘‘Ecological assessment of priority conservation areas of trans-Himalaya’’ sup- ported by MEP of China. ; This study was supported by the Committee for Research and Exploration, National Geographic Society (GRANT #7962-05), TNC ‘‘Conservation Ecology of Yunnan Snub-Nosed Monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) at Two Geographic Extremes of Spe- cies Range,’’ PhD Funding from Dali University, National Natural Science Foundation of China (#31160422, #30960084, #30960085), Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province (ZK09A313), Key Subject of Wildlife Conservation and Utilization in Yunnan Province (XKZ200904), and ‘‘Ecological assessment of priority conservation areas of trans-Himalaya’’ sup- ported by MEP of China. ; This study was supported by the Committee for Research and Exploration, National Geographic Society (GRANT #7962-05), TNC ‘‘Conservation Ecology of Yunnan Snub-Nosed Monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) at Two Geographic Extremes of Spe- cies Range,’’ PhD Funding from Dali University, National Natural Science Foundation of China (#31160422, #30960084, #30960085), Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province (ZK09A313), Key Subject of Wildlife Conservation and Utilization in Yunnan Province (XKZ200904), and ‘‘Ecological assessment of priority conservation areas of trans-Himalaya’’ sup- ported by MEP of China. ; This study was supported by the Committee for Research and Exploration, National Geographic Society (GRANT #7962-05), TNC ‘‘Conservation Ecology of Yunnan Snub-Nosed Monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) at Two Geographic Extremes of Spe- cies Range,’’ PhD Funding from Dali University, National Natural Science Foundation of China (#31160422, #30960084, #30960085), Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province (ZK09A313), Key Subject of Wildlife Conservation and Utilization in Yunnan Province (XKZ200904), and ‘‘Ecological assessment of priority conservation areas of trans-Himalaya’’ sup- ported by MEP of China.
公开日期	2012-09-04
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://159.226.149.42:8088/handle/152453/7004]
专题	昆明动物研究所_其他
通讯作者	xiaowen.dali@gmail.com
作者单位	1.Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China 2.Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Kunming 650223, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China 3.Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, People’s Republic of China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Huang ZP,Cui LW,Scott MB,et al. Seasonality of reproduction of wild black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) at Mt. Lasha, Yunnan, China[J]. PRIMATES,2012,53(3):237-245.
APA	Huang ZP,Cui LW,Scott MB,Wang SJ,Xiao W*,&xiaowen.dali@gmail.com.(2012).Seasonality of reproduction of wild black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) at Mt. Lasha, Yunnan, China.PRIMATES,53(3),237-245.
MLA	Huang ZP,et al."Seasonality of reproduction of wild black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) at Mt. Lasha, Yunnan, China".PRIMATES 53.3(2012):237-245.