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题名	NaCl对三种荒漠植物幼苗生长及生理特性影响的研究
作者	曾杰
学位类别	硕士
答辩日期	2008
授予单位	中国科学院．新疆生态与地理研究所
导师	曾凡江，新疆生态与地理研究所
关键词	塔克拉玛干沙漠
其他题名	The effects of NaCl on growth and physiology characteristics of three desert plants
中文摘要	塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘地区风沙灾害严重，水资源缺乏，部分区域土壤盐渍化和地下水矿化度有增加趋势。水分和盐分是限制这些区域植物生长的主要环境因素，相对于植物水分生理而言，植物盐分生理在相关区域的研究甚少。本研究结合塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘策勒绿洲外围地下水盐分状况，采用分析纯NaCl溶液对一年生胡杨 (Populus euphratica Oliv.)、梭梭 (Haloxylon ammodendron (C.A.Mey.) Bunge.)和头状沙拐枣 (Calligonum caput-medusae Schrenk.)幼苗进行灌溉处理，设处理浓度为：CK、50mM、150mM、300mM，通过对三种植物幼苗在处理期间的株高、生物量、清晨水势、正午水势、蒸腾速率、光合指标以及离子含量的测定分析，获得如下初步结论： 1. 三种植物幼苗的株高相对增长速率和生物量都随NaCl浓度的增加总体呈现下降趋势。相比较其它两种植物，NaCl对头状沙拐枣幼苗的生长有较大的影响； 2. 随着NaCl浓度的增加，三种植物幼苗水势呈明显下降趋势；在150mM和300mM处理水平下，三种植物幼苗水势随着处理时间增加而降低； 3. NaCl处理对三种植物幼苗的蒸腾作用和净光合速率有不同程度的抑制，水势降低气孔部分关闭是导致它们净光合速率下降的主要原因。三种植物中，胡杨幼苗的净光合速率随NaCl浓度增加下降幅度最大； 4. Na+在胡杨和头状沙拐枣幼苗体内分布主要表现为：叶（同化枝）>茎>根，在梭梭幼苗体内分布为：根>茎>同化枝，梭梭控制Na+向上部器官运输的能力在三种植物中最强；Cl-在三种植物幼苗体内分布为：叶（同化枝）>根>茎。三种植物中，Cl-在胡杨体内的含量最低； 5. 三种植物幼苗体内的K/Na比随NaCl浓度的增加而下降，N的含量亦随NaCl浓度的增加呈降低趋势。这主要是细胞内Na+和Cl-大量增加，破坏细胞内离子平衡，并影响植物对其它营养元素的吸收； 6. 综合各指标来看，胡杨属于盐敏感植物并对水分要求较高，但有较好的适盐能力；头状沙拐枣能够在中等盐度 (50mM NaCl) 环境中稳定生长；梭梭的耐盐适盐能力在三种植物中最强。In the southern fringe of Taklamakan desert, wind sand disaster is frequency and water shortage. Saline soils and saline ground water in many landscapes of this area tend to increase, salinity and water is major environmental factors to restrict plants growth in this area. In characterizing the ecophysiological characteristics of desert plants research has focused in particular on the water relations, whilst physiological responses of desert plants to salinity have not been studied in detail. Populus euphratica Oliv、Haloxylon ammodendron (C.A.Mey.) Bunge and Calligonum caput-medusae Schrenk seedlings had been treated by NaCl solution irrigation in our study, the NaCl concentrations followed as: CK、50mM、150mM、300mM, relative height growth, biomass, the predawn and midday water potential, transpiration rate, photosynthesis and ion distribution of three plants seedlings were measured in the period of treatment, the results suggested that: 1. The relative height growth (RGRH) and biomass of the three plants seedlings declined with increasing of the NaCl concentration. The growth of Calligonum seedlings suffered more effects from salinity than the other two plants. 2. The water potential of the three plants seedlings declined with the increasing of NaCl concentration; Under 150 mM and 250 mM levels, the water potential of the three plants tended to decrease with the treatment duration prolonged. 3. The transpiration rate and net photosynthetic rates of the three plants were effected by salinity. The decrease of net photosynthetic rates mainly resulted from the stomatal limitation caused by the decrease of water potential. The net photosynthetic rates of Populus seedlings under NaCl treatment had the most decrease range among the three plants. 4. The content of Na+ in the organs of Populus and Calligonum seedlings followed the order: leaf (assimilating branch) > stem > root, in Haloxylon seedlings followed: root > stem > assimilating branch, Na+ transportation and accumulation in assimilated organ was well controlled by roots of Haloxylon; the content of Cl- in the three plants followed the order of leaf (assimilating branch) > root > stem, Populus seedlings accumulated lesser Cl- than the other two plants. 5. The completion of the experiment plants exposed to greater salinity showed pronounced reductions in K/Na ratio, and a decreased of N. There maybe the balance of the ions in the tissues of plant was impaired with accumulating salt ions, the excessive uptake of Na+ or Cl- can limit the uptake of other nutritional ions such as K+, NO3-. 6. From all the indexes of the three plants seedlings exposed to salinity, Populus indicated sensitivity to salinity and required nice moisture conditions, but it showed a good salt tolerant plant. Calligonum seedlings are moderately salt (50mM NaCl) tolerant. Haloxylon seedlings has higher salt tolerance than Populus and Calligonum seedlings.
语种	中文
学科主题	植物生理学
公开日期	2010-11-12
页码	共47页
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/8072]
专题	新疆生态与地理研究所_中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所(2010年以前数据)
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	曾杰. NaCl对三种荒漠植物幼苗生长及生理特性影响的研究[D]. 中国科学院．新疆生态与地理研究所. 2008.

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