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题名	环境危机管理的模式与方法——以乌鲁木齐市为例
作者	董爽
学位类别	硕士
答辩日期	2008
授予单位	中国科学院．新疆生态与地理研究所
导师	王让会，中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所
关键词	城市环境危机管理
其他题名	Model and methodology of urban environmental crisis management (UECM): a case study in Urumqi
中文摘要	环境危机是我国面临的重大问题之一，城市作为人口高度集中的地区，经济活动十分频繁，对自然环境的破坏也更为强烈，其中水和大气污染一直处于较高的水平，垃圾处理水平低，噪声污染较重，城市环境保护工作面临着巨大的压力和挑战。因此，研究和监测城市现在和将来的生态环境及安全的状况，开展城市生态环境的评价、预测和预警就成为了解、掌握和应对城市生态环境危机的当务之急。本研究综合运用城市生态学、环境经济学、污染预测模型、GIS和管理学理论，从城市的生态环境的特点和问题入手，对乌鲁木齐市环境质量进行综合评价、预测和预警，深入了解城市环境质量的现状和未来演化趋势。在已有的历史背景资料、调查数据和遥感数据基础上，以SuperMap和Visual C++为开发平台，构建了城市环境管理信息系统。针对城市环境中出现的问题，提出科学合理的管理对策和措施，最终建立一套具有一定的指导意义和应用价值的城市生态环境危机管理的模式和方法，为城市的可持续发展提供辅助决策信息，并为其它地区提供参考和借鉴。（1）在深刻理解环境危机的含义、特征和产生原因的基础上，深入了解研究区域的生态环境现状，系统分析了乌鲁木齐市人工生态环境的脆弱性和敏感性以及面临的生态环境危机。（2）探讨了城市环境质量评价的方法和标准，以乌鲁木齐市为例，选择灰色聚类方法对乌鲁木齐市大气质量进行了多因子综合评价，采用单因子污染指数法评价乌鲁木木齐两条主要河流（乌鲁木齐河和水磨河）的水环境质量。（3）以GM(1，1)灰色预测原理为理论基础，运用Matlab软件编制城市大气污染预测模型，以此得出乌鲁木齐市主要大气污染物的灰色预测模型，分析并预测其未来的演化发展趋势。（4）探讨了城市环境预警的原则、标准、预警类型以及预警的参数及数学模型，以Visual C++6.0为开发工具,以SuperMap Objects 5.0信息系统开发平台，构建乌鲁木齐市环境管理信息系统。（5）建立了适合乌鲁木齐市的环境危机管理模式，站在政府职能部门的角度，从手段、途径、方法三个方面探讨了环境危机管理的一般模式。Environment crisis is one of the most important problems we are facing with. City is more sensitive to environment change because of its active economic activities and dense population. Urban environment has a series of tremendous pressure and challenges, such as water pollution, air pollution and noise pollution. So it is the primary task for us to perform urban eco-environment assessment, forecasting and warning study to understand and respond to the crisis of urban eco-environment. In this study, based on urban ecology theory,environmental economics theory, pollution prediction model, geographic information system and management theory, according to the characteristic and problems of ecological environment in Urumqi, comprehensive evaluated and forecasted the environmental quality of Urumqi, in-depth understood the status quo and future trend of urban environmental quality. Took SuperMap and VC++ as development platform, established Urban Environmental Management Information System based on historical background information, survey data and remote sensing data, proposed scientific and rational management strategies and measures for the city, and eventually built a set of mode and method of environment crisis management of city which can provide decision-making assistant information for the sustainable development of cities, and supply reference for other areas. (1) By a deep understanding of the meaning, characteristics and causes of environmental crisis to investigate the status quo of ecological environment of study area, systematic discussed the vulnerability and sensitivity of artificial ecological environment of Urumqi as well as the ecological environment crisis we are facing. (2) Study on the method and standard of urban environmental quality assessment, application of grey clustering method to comprehensive evaluated the air quality of Urumqi, and evaluated water environmental quality of two major rivers (Urumqi River and Shuimo River) by the method of single factor pollution index. (3) Base on grey forecasting theory, established forecast model for urban air pollution by Matlab software. Obtained the forecast model of main air pollutants of Urumqi, besides, predicated and analyzed the development trend of main air pollutions in the future. (4) Discussed the principles, criteria, types, parameters, and mathematical models of early warning, took SuperMap Objects 5.0 andVisual C++6.0 as development platform, established Urban Environmental Management Information System base on the theory of geographic information system and management. (5) Established a suitable model of UECM in Urumqi, from the perspective of government departments, discussed the general pattern of UECM from the aspects of means, ways and methods.
语种	中文
学科主题	在生态环境科学上的应用
公开日期	2010-11-12
页码	共73页
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/8006]
专题	新疆生态与地理研究所_中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所(2010年以前数据)
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	董爽. 环境危机管理的模式与方法——以乌鲁木齐市为例[D]. 中国科学院．新疆生态与地理研究所. 2008.

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