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题名	云南河口瑶族苗族非木材森林产品的采集
作者	陈文红
学位类别	硕士
答辩日期	2000
授予单位	中国科学院昆明植物研究所
授予地点	中国科学院昆明植物研究所
导师	许建初
关键词	河口 瑶族 苗族 非木材森林产品 民族植物学
其他题名	Collection of Non-Timber Forest Products from Yao and Miao Nationalities in Hekou County, Yunnan Province, China
学位专业	植物学
中文摘要	本研究应用民族植物学和人类文化学的原理和方法，首次对河口县瑶山乡梁子寨瑶族和八角寨苗族对非木材森林产品采集进行系统的调查研究。在该地区，以前有关植物资源调查和利用的工作中，主要限于经济植物的调查或面上的广泛研究，而非点上的深入研究。本研究通过分析当地环境、民族特性及植物资源现状，选择了瑶族和苗族作为研究对象，通过半结构式访谈、问卷调查、直接观察和植物生态学等方法对两个村寨的所属民族的非木材森林产品的采集进行了定性和定量研究。本研究特别强调当地民族利用的非木材森林产品并进行民族植物学编目，包括了食用植物（蔬菜及水果等）、药用植物、淀粉植物、香料植物、染料植物、油料植物、纤维植物、饲用植物、观赏植物及其他类植物等几种主要类型的植物资源。同时也对一些重要类群的植物资源进行了重点介绍及评估。此外还从社区（资源利用、排序、民间分类等方面）、野外资源及市场等角度进行了一些非木材森林产品的评估。通过研究发现。当地民族由于居住保护区边缘，当地的生物多样性与非木材森林产品的利用之间存在一种矛盾的关系。当地一些风俗习惯有利于植物资源的保护，如苗族的“龙树”（红花荷Rhodoleiaparvipetala）得以保护，瑶族“喜好植物”（细柄红豆Ormosialongiper）不准砍伐等；且作为一种森林依赖性较强的民族，瑶族在此方面较苗族做得更好。然而，非木材森林产品的过度利用导致保护区内及保护区边缘的植物资源的濒危，在当地人所采集的非木材森林产品中，有一些是特有或珍稀植物（如：花叶开唇兰），已濒临灭绝；还有一些种是已列为国家级保护的植物（如：姜状三七）。此外，不同类群非木材森林产品数量的比较表明当地不同民族的生活习俗不仅与如何利用非木材森林产品有关，而且与能否正确利用有关。近年来，由于森林退化和宣传工作的开展，加强了环境意识，使当地民族逐渐意识到植物和环境保护的重要性。这对非木材森林产品的可持续利用和自然保护区的有效管理具有重要的意义。最后，根据研究结果，针对当地民族对非木材森林产品的利用和保护问题提出了一些建议。
英文摘要	Focusing on Liangzi Adiministrative Village (Yao Nationality) and Bajiao Village (Miao Nationality) in Hekou County, Yunnan Province, China, the study firstly and systematically collects and analyses the Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) of the two groups of local people by means of the principles and methodologies of ethnobotany and ethnology. The former research of this area was limited either to the economic investigation of plants or to surface study, making this the first ethnobotanical case study. Based on the analysis of the indigenous environment, nationality and plant resouces, the study selected Yao and Miao Nationalities in order to compare the characteristics of their NTFPs' by means of semi-structured interviews, structured questionnaires, botanical and ecological surveys, both qualitative and quantitative. In this study, the NTFPs in this area have been catalogued into 10 groups: food (including vegetables, fruits and tea), medicine, starch, perfume, dye, oil plants, fibre (including rattan), forage, horticulture and other. Some important species are explained in detail'and assessed. In addition the study investigates three aspects: 1) Community application of resource, and indigenous classification of plants; 2) Quantities of wild resources used; and 3)Local market investigation, to evaluate the role of NTFPs in the lives of local people. The results of the study show that both the Miao and the Yao exhibit conserving aspects while at the same time exhibit exploitative aspects of NTFPs. Some customs of the local people protect local plant resource, such as the selection of a "dragon tree" (Rhodoleia parvipetala ) of Miao or "favourite tree" (Ormosia pingbianensis) of Yao. As a nationality depending on forest, the Yao are more active than the Miao in protection of plants. However, excess uses of NTFPs collected by local people result in direct threats to the plant resources around and in the nature reserve. Within NTFPs plants, some plants are endemic and rare, for example Anoectochilus roxburgii and they are danger of extinction, while other species have been listed as nationally protected plants, such as Panca zingiberensis. Besides, the comparison of the number of the various types of NTFPs clearly shows that the custom of the various people affect the use of NTFPs and whether they correctly apply the plant resources. Recently, with deforestation and the increase of environmental consciousness, the local people are becoming aware of the importance of plants and environment protection. This is significant to the sustainable application of NTFPs and the efficient management of the nature reserve. Finally, according to these results, some recommendations have been proposed for the application and conservation of NTFPs.
语种	中文
公开日期	2011-10-25
页码	130
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.kib.ac.cn/handle/151853/610]
专题	昆明植物研究所_昆明植物所硕博研究生毕业学位论文
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	陈文红. 云南河口瑶族苗族非木材森林产品的采集[D]. 中国科学院昆明植物研究所. 中国科学院昆明植物研究所. 2000.

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