题名古尔班通古特沙漠景观格局及动态研究
作者蒋超
学位类别硕士
答辩日期2009
授予单位中国科学院.新疆生态与地理研究所
授予地点北京
导师钱亦兵,中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所
关键词古尔班通古特沙漠
其他题名Study on Landscape Pattern and Dynamics of Gurbantongut Desert
学位专业环境科学
中文摘要古尔班通古特沙漠位于准噶尔盆地中部,具温带大陆性气候,近15年间相关地区气候变化明显,人们经济活动频繁,在自然和人为双重作用下沙漠景观格局将如何变化值得探讨。本论文以古尔班通古特沙漠主体部分为研究区,利用遥感和地理信息系统技术,并以景观生态学理论为指导, 对1990年TM、2000年ETM+和2006年中巴资源卫星数据进行了针对性处理,包括实地勘查和借助前人资料,从宏观角度定量、定性分析了古尔班通古特沙漠景观格局的时空演变规律,讨论了景观格局动态变化的驱动因子。文中还利用景观类型动态模型研究了所选取的典型区段内各景观类型的迁移转化趋势。基于上述研究,认识如下:(1) 2000年和2006年沙漠景观呈破碎化趋势,其中2000年景观破碎化程度最高。这和沙漠周边地区土地开发强度加剧有最为直接的关系。2006年景观破碎化程度较之2000年有所降低,究其原因,不仅和近10年气候变化利于植被恢复有关,也和人们环保意识增强,不断加大退耕还林、退牧还草、封育沙漠植被等各项举措的力度有关。(2) 1990年、2000年和2006年古尔班通古特沙漠景观异质性程度依次增大。景观异质性与景观的结构组成有关,异质性程度增大说明景观各类型结构不均匀。1990年至2006年间,人为活动频繁,在干扰自然景观并使其破碎化的同时也使得沙漠自然—人文耦合系统形成动态平衡,即暂时的稳定。(3) 1990年至2006年,古尔班通古特沙漠自然景观面积结构比例变化较大,人工景观面积急剧扩张。(4) 在研究样区,固定沙地在15年间主要转化为半固定沙地和人工景观;半固定沙地主要转化为固定沙地和人工景观;流动沙地主要转化为半固定沙地和固定沙地;湿地主要转化为半固定沙地和固定沙地;盐碱地主要转化为半固定沙地和流动沙地;居民点或油气田主要来自于半固定沙地的转变;草地在20世纪90年代主要来自于盐碱地的转化。Gurbantonggut Desert is at the central of Jungger Basin with a temperate continental climate. In resent 15 years, the climate change is remarked and the economic activities become frequent in the relative regions, then the change of desert landscape under the influence of both nature and human factors is worthy to be studied. With landscape ecological theories as the guidance, this paper dealt with the TM (1999), ETM+ (2000) and CBERS data (2006) of Gurbantonggut Desert. By using of remote sensing and GIS technology, the paper qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed the temporal-spatial varying pattern of the desert landscape, and with field survey and previous data, discussed the driving factors of landscape pattern dynamics at a macroscopic angle. The paper meanwhile studied the transforming directions of every landscape type in a typical section-selected by the dynamic models of landscape. The conclusions are as followed: (1) The desert landscape shows a fragmental trend in 2000 and 2006 and 2000 has a higher degree of fragmentation , which has direct relationships with the increasing land exploitation in the surrounding areas of the desert. While, the decreased fragmentation in 2006 resulted from the climate change which is benefit from the vegetation restoration and from the increasing consciousness of environment protection by taking effective measures such as returning farmland to forest, returning cropping land to forage land and enclosing desert vegetation. (2) Landscape heterogeneity of the desert is increased from 1990 to 2000 to 2006, indicting the inhomogeneous structure of every landscape type. During 1990 to 2006, more and more frequent human activities have interfered not only the natural landscape, but also formed a dynamic balance of ecological coupling system of nature-humanities in the desert. (3) The natural landscape area in the desert changed greatly from 1999 to 2006 and the artificial landscape area was sharply increased. (4) In the sample region, the fixed sand dunes mainly transformed into semi-fixed dunes and artificial landscapes during last 15a; At the same time, the semi-fixed dunes mainly transformed into fixed sand dunes and artificial landscapes; and the shifting dunes to semi-fixed and fixed dunes; and the wetland to semi-fixed and fixed dunes; the saline land to semi-fixed and shifting dunes. Residential places and oil-gas fields were mainly transformed from semi-fixed dunes and grassland from saline land in 1990s.
学科主题景观生态学
公开日期2010-11-12
页码共79页
内容类型学位论文
源URL[http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/8506]  
专题新疆生态与地理研究所_中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所(2010年以前数据)
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
蒋超. 古尔班通古特沙漠景观格局及动态研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院.新疆生态与地理研究所. 2009.
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