The molecular hydrogen isotope composition ((delta D) of leaf waxes from terrestrial plants is increasingly used to infer hydrological characteristics of ancient high latitude climates. Analysis of the hydrogen isotope composition of n-alkanes (delta D(n-alkane)) from a global dataset of individual plants growing at low and middle latitudes indicates that plant ecological life form is an important factor in determining the hydrogen isotope fractionation. However, environmental and biological controls of high latitudinal leaf wax delta D values are poorly understood because of a lack of delta D records from modern flora in these regions. We previously noticed smaller apparent hydrogen isotope fractionations between n-alkanes and environmental water (epsilon(alk-water)) in deciduous trees growing at high latitudes (> 59 degrees N; Liu, W.-G., Yang, H., 2008. Multiple controls for the variability of hydrogen isotopic compositions in higher plant n-alkanes from modern ecosystems. Global Change Biology 14,2166-2177.) To further examine these issues, we measured delta D(n-alkane) from a variety of plants that inhabit high latitude environments and added critically needed leaf wax delta D data from grass and herbs to the existing global delta D(n-alkane) database. Inclusion of these new data with the existing global dataset (n = 408) confirms plant ecological life form as an important control for leaf wax delta D variation for terrestrial plants living at high latitudes. Our results suggest that, while precipitation delta D is captured in these high latitude plants, physiological characters such as leaf area, venation pattern and hydraulic system, that enhance transpiration rate during summer growth, may impart delta D(n-alkane) differences among plants with different ecological life forms.