Virtual water assessment for Macao, China: Highlighting the role of external trade

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.01.020

CORC > 北京大学 > 工学院

	Virtual water assessment for Macao, China: Highlighting the role of external trade
	Chen, G.Q. ; Li, J.S.
刊名	journal of cleaner production
	2015
DOI	10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.01.020
英文摘要	Abstract As conventional heterotrophic systems, cities usually depend on water-intensive products through external trade. However, related studies on virtual water are yet far from enough to comprehensively quantify the real water balance of cities. The gap between direct water input and real water demand of a city is demonstrated in the present study by a case study for Macao in the past decade after the sovereignty handover. With the latest virtual water intensity databases, the virtual water embodied in external trade is systematically analyzed. For virtual water embodied in goods, mainland China holds the position as Macao's biggest importer, and the USA outpaces Hong Kong to be the biggest exporter. Virtual water embodied in gaming service dominates that of exported services while household final consumption expenditure abroad contributes the largest share of virtual water embodied in imported services. Despite of fluctuation, virtual water consumed by Macao has increased by about 1.5 folds. As a typical net virtual water importer, Macao has a heavy dependency over 99% on external water resources. Per capita virtual water consumption of Macao is similar to that of developed countries. The comparatively low virtual water intensity is in accordance with the reality of a service dominated economy. ? 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.; SCI(E); EI; SSCI; 0; ARTICLE; gqchen@pku.edu.cn; lijiashuo@pku.edu.cn; 308-317; 93
语种	英语
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://ir.pku.edu.cn/handle/20.500.11897/155277]
专题	工学院
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Chen, G.Q.,Li, J.S.. Virtual water assessment for Macao, China: Highlighting the role of external trade[J]. journal of cleaner production,2015.
APA	Chen, G.Q.,&Li, J.S..(2015).Virtual water assessment for Macao, China: Highlighting the role of external trade.journal of cleaner production.
MLA	Chen, G.Q.,et al."Virtual water assessment for Macao, China: Highlighting the role of external trade".journal of cleaner production (2015).