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题名	膜下滴灌水氮对棉花根系构型和养分的影响
作者	谢志良
学位类别	硕士
答辩日期	2009
授予单位	中国科学院．新疆生态与地理研究所
导师	田长彦，中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所
关键词	根长密度
其他题名	Effects of Water and Nitrogen Rates on Root Architecture and Nutrient Uptake under Film Drip Irrigation
中文摘要	本文通过采用膜下滴灌水氮田间试验，利用扫描仪和根系分析软件，研究了水氮对不同生育期棉花根系构型、生长、养分吸收及产量、水氮利用效率的影响。主要研究结果如下：蕾期增加氮肥的供应，根系在深层的分布比例明显增加。0~10 cm表土层根长、根表面积随施氮量的增加明显下降，10 cm以下各土层根长、根表面积随施氮量的增加而增加，但当施氮量超过一定值时，根长的增加受到抑制。花铃期在相同的施氮水平下增加灌水量，各层根干重、根长、根表面积增加。水分胁迫时，增加氮肥的供应，表层根干重增加、根长、根表面积下降。下层根干重、根长、根表面积增加。水分充足条件下，表层根干重、根长、根表面积增加；深层低氮或高氮促进了根干重、根长、根表面积的增加。吐絮期在相同的施氮水平下增加灌水量，表土层根干重、根长下降，深土层增加；各土层根表面积下降。水分胁迫条件下，根干重及根干重在亚土层中的分布以N276最高。氮对平均根长密度的影响差异不大。低氮和高氮促进深土层根长、根表面积增加。水分充足条件下，深土层根长以N276最高，各土层根表面积随供氮水平的增加下降。蕾期适量的氮根冠生物量增加，氮肥供应过量则抑制了地上部生物量的增加和根生物量的积累。花铃期增加水氮的供应，棉花根冠生物量增加。吐絮期，水分胁迫条件下施氮对地上部生物量和养分吸收的影响差异不大；水分充足条件下增加氮肥的供应地上部生物量和养分积累增加。花铃期至吐絮期间，水氮促进根冠生物量、养分积累量增加。无论灌水如何，高氮抑制了根冠干重在这段生育期积累。产量、水氮利用效率的最高点不一致。灌水量增加产量和氮素利用效率增加，水分利用效率下降。不论水分条件如何，增加氮素的供应，氮素利用率下降，水分利用率增加；水分胁迫时产量差异不大，水分充足产量增加但以N276最高。水氮耦合以施氮276kg.hm-2灌水600mm获得最大的产量，水氮利用效率较高。 By combining layered digging and image analysis methods for root sampling and measurement, the effects of water-nitrogen coupling on root architecture, cotton growth, nutrient uptake, lint yield, water-nitrogen use efficiency were investigated under film irrigation. The main results as follows: Bud stage, average root length and root surface area index increased with nitrogen increased, high nitrogen supply limited average root length increasing. Elevating the levels of nitrogen supply, percentage of deep soil layers roots markedly increased. Root length and root surface area decreased with nitrogen supply increased in 0-10cm surface layer, Root length and root surface area increased with nitrogen supply in each layer below 10cm. But nitrogen level exceed natural value, root length increaser were limited. During flowering and boll-setting stage: normal irrigation amount promoted root growth. Under water stress, increasing nitrogen supply had the most significant promoting effect. Under normal irrigation amount, root dry weight increased, but root length and root surface area decreased with nitrogen supply increased in surface soil layers.High or low nitrogen promoted root growth in low soil layers. Boll opening stage, normal irrigation amount, root dry weight increased, root surface area and root length decreased in surface soil layers. Root dry weight decreased, root surface area and root length increased in deep soil layers. Under water stress, appropriate nitrogen supply promoted root dry weight increased. Root length and root surface area of surface soil layers increased with nitrogen supply increased. Mediate nitrogen supply promoted root surface area increased in surface soil layers. High or low nitrogen promoted root length increased in low soil layers. During bud stage , shoot biomass and nutrient absorption prominently increased with nitrogen supply enhancing. Effects of nitrogen on roots were less than above ground, root shoot ratio descended. Too much nitrogen supply limited root and shoot biomass, nutrient absorption.During flowering and boll-setting stage, water and nitrogen supply promoted root and shoot growth. With growth stage developing, the effect of water stress enhancd,the promotive effect of nitrogen was issubjected to significant limit. Boll opening stage, nitrogen supply had no effect on above-ground, root dry weight was maximum at 276kg.hm-2 nitrogen level under water stress; root dry weight was reduced with nitrogen supply, above-ground dry weight and nutrient uptake were maximum at 276kg.hm-2 nitrogen level under sufficient water supply. From flowering and boll setting stage to boll opening stage, water and nitrogen supply promoted root and shoot dry weight accumulation during this growth stage. At two irrigation amount levels, too much nitrogen supply inhibited root and shoot accumulation during this growth stage. The highest point of lint yield, water and nitrogen use efficiency were inconsistent.Increasing irrigation amount, lint yield and nitrogen use efficiency increased , water use efficiency decreased. With nitrogen supply increasing, nitrogen use efficiency decreased, water use efficiency increased with nitrogen supply. Nitrogen supply had no effect on lint yield under water stress. Under sufficient water supply, increasing nitrogen supply, lint yield increased and obtained maximum at 276kg.hm-2 nitrogen level. Water-nitrogen coupling N276W600 obtained maximum lint yield, relatively high water and nitrogen use efficiency.
语种	中文
学科主题	作物栽培学与耕作学
公开日期	2010-11-12
页码	共62页
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/8458]
专题	新疆生态与地理研究所_中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所(2010年以前数据)
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	谢志良. 膜下滴灌水氮对棉花根系构型和养分的影响[D]. 中国科学院．新疆生态与地理研究所. 2009.

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