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题名	塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地植物引种与适应性评价
作者	邸鲲
学位类别	硕士
答辩日期	2005
授予单位	中国科学院．中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所．植物学．
导师	徐新文，中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所
关键词	塔克拉玛干
其他题名	Introduction and Evaluation of Plants in the Center of Taklimakan Desert
中文摘要	塔克拉玛干沙漠地处塔里木盆地中央，环境恶劣，植被稀疏，物种贫乏。伴随油气资源的勘探开发，修筑了南北贯通塔克拉玛干沙漠的塔里木沙漠公路，并且在沙漠腹地建成塔中油田基地。为了满足沙漠公路生物防沙和油田基地绿化需求，自1994年在塔中开展植物引种工作。本论文在对塔中引种植物及其生长状况普查的基础上，根据塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地的特殊环境，通过专家评判打分和层次分析法构建适应性评价指标体系；应用灰色关联分析，半定量地评价了引种植物的适应性，并进行适应性排序，确定了适宜沙漠公路生物防沙和油田基地绿化的植物种。研究结果表明，沙漠腹地共引种植物274种（隶属于27科63属），现存148种，死亡87种，流失39种，其中沙漠植物园现存引种植物129种，隶属于31科72属。引种植物中灌木、草本引种较多，乔木较少，藤本极少；灌木是较适宜种，引种成活率最高，乔木和草本相差不大；草本流失率最高，灌木次之，乔木最低。塔中植物引种的限制因子分为自然因子和人为因子，自然因子是主要的限制因子。提高人为管护力度可增加植物引种成功机率，其中草本增加幅度最大。通过综合评价，参评的99种引种植物分为4个适应级别。针对沙漠公路生物防沙的引种植物中，1级植物8种，2级植物33种，3级植物45种，4级植物13种；针对油田基地绿化的引种植物中，1级植物23种，2级植物30种，3级植物38种，4级植物8种。适宜沙漠公路生物防沙的植物种主要为灌木（31种），草本（14种）较少，乔木（2种）极少。适宜油田基地绿化的植物种主要为灌木（35种），草本（12种）较少，乔木（6种）树种有所增加。The Taklimakan Desert, located in the Tarim Basin, China, is characterized by extremely environment. With the exploration and development of oil and gas resource in the center of the Taklimakan Desert, the Tarim Desert Highway and Tazhong Oil Field are set up. In order to recommend adaptable plants for shelterbelts along the Tarim Desert Highway and green area of Tazhong Oil Field, many plants have been introduced to The Taklimakan Desert since 1994. In this paper, on the basis of the investigation about the species and status of introduced plants in Tazhong, the assessment index system is raised with experts system and Analytic Hierarchy Process. By using Grey Relation Grade Analyses, semiquantitative assessment of introduced plants' adaptability is made, and the sequence of adaptation is given. The suitable plants for shelterbelts along the Tarim Desert Highway and green area of Tazhong Oil Field are recommended respectively. The results show that there are 274 species, belonging to 27 families and 63 genera, have being introduced to Tazhong, 148 species are preserved, 87 species dead and 39 species lost Shrubs and herbs are major living form of introduced plants, arbors are seldom, and lianas are very few. Moreover, Shrubs survival ratio is the highest, herbs survival ratio and arbors' are similar. Herbs lost percent is the highest, then shrubs, and then arbors. Natural and artificial factors limited introduced plants in Tazhong. Natural factor is main factor of them. Introduced plants probability of success will be increased by improving artificial control, and the herbs* amplify are the best. According to the evaluation, 99 species of introduced plants are divided into four classes. On the basis of the assessment of adaptation for highway shelterbelts, there are 8 species in 1st class, 33 species in 2nd class, 45 species in 3rd class, and 13 species in 4th class. Meanwhile, on the basis of the assessment of adaptation for green area of Tazhong Oil Field, there are 23 species in 1st class, 30 species in 2nd class, 38species in 3rd class, and 8 species in 4th class. For highway shelterbelts, the adaptable shrubs, playing the leading role, are 31 species. Suitable herbs are inferior to shrubs, including 14 species. The arbor adaptation is the worst. For green area of Tazhong Oil Field, the recommended shrubs, 35 species, are chief plaats. Suitable arbors, 6 species, are more than in highway shelterbelts. And the selected herbs are 12 species.
语种	中文
学科主题	水土保持与荒漠化防治
公开日期	2010-11-12
页码	共45页
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/8206]
专题	新疆生态与地理研究所_中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所(2010年以前数据)
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	邸鲲　. 塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地植物引种与适应性评价[D]. 中国科学院．中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所．植物学．. 2005.

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