QQ客服 官方微博 反馈留言

题名	古尔班通古特沙漠免灌人工林水分特征
作者	陈钧杰
学位类别	硕士
答辩日期	2008
授予单位	中国科学院．新疆生态与地理研究所
导师	蒋进，中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所
关键词	土壤含水量
其他题名	Gurbantonggut Desert Unirrigated plantation moisture feature
中文摘要	水是研究沙漠和改造沙漠的关键问题。古尔班通古特沙漠是中国最大的固定、半固定沙漠，位于新疆天山北坡经济带南缘，脆弱的生态环境威胁着本地区经济发展和生产生活，同时近年来随着油气开发和沙漠工程等大规模人类活动的影响，生态环境日趋恶化，本研究针对该地区生态恢复过程中防护林建设所面临的水分问题，以古尔班通古特沙漠南缘免灌人工防护林为研究对象，通过土壤水分长期监测，以及主要建群种的水分生理特征的分析，对该地区免灌人工林土壤水分和建群中梭梭及沙拐枣的水分特征进行研究，得出以下结论： 1) 人工林及自然沙垄土壤含水量时间变化规律都可分为补给期、失水期和冻结滞水期。土壤含水量均值及变异系数均为补给期>冻结滞水期>失水期；土壤含水量空间变化规律表现为：都具有明显的垂直分布特征，可分为活跃层、过渡层、和稳定层。土壤水分人工林内不同种植密度间、不同坡向间总体差异不明显。自然沙垄不同坡向具有显著性差异(P<0.05，F=0.0029)，不同坡位间无显著性差异。人工林林下土壤水分与自然沙垄土壤水分差别不大。 2)干旱环境下梭梭蒸腾速率日变化为双峰型，沙拐枣为单峰型，日均蒸腾速率值梭梭低于沙拐枣。梭梭、沙拐枣日蒸腾速率均值从7月到8月为最高值，到10月达到低值。8月蒸腾速率日变化、土壤水分与生长季内其它月份均有显著性差异(P<0.01)，月平均蒸腾量占生长季内总蒸腾量比重最大，是全年耗水最大期。相同气象条件下，林下土壤水分梭梭和沙拐枣2m×2m、2m×1m、1m×1m种植密度及其阴阳坡间无明显差异。蒸腾速率2m×2m种植密度阴阳坡间有显著性差异(P<0.05)，且株高和冠幅均值最高，长势最好，相对其它两种种植方式是适宜种植密度。Water is the key factor of desert research and desert transform. Gurbantonggut Desert is the largest fixed and semi-fixed desert in China, located in southern of the Northern Tangshan Economic Belt. The fragile ecological environment is a threat to economic development, production and life in the region. With the exploitation of petroleum and natural gas, the ecosystem in the Junggar Basin has been somewhat degraded, which might influence the smooth running of the water diversion work and the eco-security of the oasis in the region. Against the water issue in the shelter-forest construction process of ecological restoration in this region, this study took the unirrigated artificial shelter-forests at the south edge of the Gurbantongut Desert as research object, the species of the shelter-forests are Haloxylon ammodendron and Calligonum caput-medusae Schrenk. Through long-term monitoring of soil moisture, and water physiological characteristics analysis of the main edification, we gave a study on the appropriate planting density and characteristics of soil moisture in unirrigated artificial shelter-forests, conclusions are as follows: 1) Soil moisture temporal distribution of artificial shelter-forests and natural dune can be divided into supplement stage, water loss stage and water frozen-ponded stage. Soil moisture and CV shown as: supplement stage > water frozen-ponded stage > water loss stage. Spatial variation of soil moisture has clear vertical distribution characteristic and can be divided into active layer, interlayer, and stabile layer. Overall differences of Soil moisture in artificial shelter-forest of different planting densities and different slope directions are not obvious. Different aspect of natural dune with significant differences (P<0.05, F=0.0029), and no significant difference in different slopes. There is little difference between the soil moisture of artificial shelter-forests and soil moisture of natural dune. 2) In arid environment, transpiration rate daily variation of H.ammodendron is double peak, C.caput-medusae Schrenk is single peak, H.ammodendron is lower than C.caput-medusae Schrenk. Mean transpiration rates of edification are highest from July to August; reduce from August to October in growing seasons. Transpiration rate and soil moisture of August are significant different from others (P<0.01). Moth mean transpiration is the largest in August in the growing seasons, and is the largest annual water consumption period. Under same weather conditions, soil moisture and transpiration have no significant difference in shelter-forests of among different slope directions, different H.ammodendron and C.caput-medusae Schrenk planting densities (2m×2m, 2m×1m, 1m×1m). There is significant differences (P<0.05) between planting density of 2m×2m in different slope directions. Meanwhile, the mean height and the crown of the plants in density 2m×2m are highest, and grow best; this density is more suitable than the other two densities.
语种	中文
学科主题	林学
公开日期	2010-11-12
页码	共66页
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.xjlas.org/handle/365004/8136]
专题	新疆生态与地理研究所_中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所(2010年以前数据)
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	陈钧杰. 古尔班通古特沙漠免灌人工林水分特征[D]. 中国科学院．新疆生态与地理研究所. 2008.

个性服务

查看访问统计

相关权益政策

暂无数据

收藏/分享

除非特别说明，本系统中所有内容都受版权保护，并保留所有权利。