草场流转对干旱半干旱地区草原生态和牧民生计影响研究--以呼伦贝尔市新巴尔虎右旗M嘎查为例

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	草场流转对干旱半干旱地区草原生态和牧民生计影响研究--以呼伦贝尔市新巴尔虎右旗M嘎查为例; Pasture Transfer＇ s Impact on Grassland Ecosystem and Pastoralists＇ Livelihoods in Arid and Semi-arid Area： A Case Study in New Barag Right Banner, Hulunbeir
	赖玉珮 ; 李文军
刊名	资源科学
	2012
关键词	草场流转草原生态牧民生计草畜双承包 Pasture Transfer Pasture Ecology Pastoralists’livelihoods China’s Grassland Contract.
英文摘要	干旱半干旱牧区社会生态系统人、草、畜三者紧密关联,草场承包政策阻碍了牲畜在较大空间范围内的移动,长期而言不但使草地生产力下降,也对牧民生产生活造成严重影响。草场流转被认为是草场承包之后,利用市场配置资源的优势,解决草畜矛盾、改善牧民生计的途径之一。作为一种市场手段,流转是否能解决草场承包带来的草原生态和牧民生计困境,对草原管理的发展方向有重要的参考意义。本文试图从牧区人、草、畜关系特征的角度,在案例地通过半结构式访谈和问卷调查搜集相关资料,深入剖析草场流转给牧民生产生活和草原生态带来的影响,探讨用市场方法整合草场、恢复牲畜移动存在的问题及背后的原因。研究表明,草场流转在一定程度上能协调草场承包到户后产生的牲畜对草场的需求与草场供给之间的矛盾,草场整体的放牧压力稍有缓解,牧民生计有所提高;但是却造成草场内部放牧压力转移、被流转草场过度利用,贫困户因无法转产而无法根本改善生计,贫富分化加剧的问题。此外,草场流转后组用草场的富户虽然移动距离有所增加,但是空间仍相对固定,牧户关系更加独立,仍然使其难以灵活应对自然灾害、政策变化等带来的风险。; Pastoralists,pasture and livestock in arid and semi-arid pastoral area are closely related.It has important significance for pasture ecological protection and pastoralists’livelihoods improvement to solve the influence of fragmentation brought by China’s grassland contract policy.It’s considered that pasture transfer is a market based instrument to solve the conflict among livestock,pasture and pastoralists after fragmentation.Taking a Gacha（village）located in the south of New Barag Right Banner,Hulunbeir as an example,this paper focused on the transformation of relationship among pastoralists,pasture and livestock,which was affected by grassland contract and pasture transfer.Through case study,we attempted to analysis pasture transfer’s impact on pasture ecology and pastoralists’production.Data was collected from household questionnaire survey and semi-structural interview,and interviewing stakeholders of the Gacha in July 2011.16 households have been interviewed in the case,accounted for 26%of the total.Study shows that the resources in arid and semi-arid area are highly heterogeneous in space and time,the pastoralist in this area need flexible mobility to fulfill the livestock’s demand on both forage and external environment.Besides,flexible mobility can help avoid highly uncertain natural disasters.However,the grassland contract policy fragmented the resources.Fragmentation leads to less mobility of livestock and the conflict between the livestock demand and the pasture’s supply,which brings the contradiction between pasture ecology and the pastoralists’livelihoods in further.After the contract,pasture transfer can reconcile the conflict between livestock’s need and the pasture’s supply brought by grassland contract policy,which will alleviate the grazing pressure on pasture and improve pastoralists’livelihoods at a certain extent.However,there’re problems at the meantime.Due to lack of monitoring and short duration of leasehold,the grazing pressure is transferred within pasture,the transferred pasture maybe over used.For the poorer can’t engage in other industries,they can’t change the poor situation completely,which aggravates the polarization between the rich and the poor.In addition,after pasture transfer,the livestock movement is still short and fixed,making it difficult to respond to the uncertain risk of natural disasters and policy changes flexibly.In sum,pasture transfer can’t solve all the problems brought by pasture fragmentation,thus privatization still can’t effectively manage the pasture in arid and semi-arid areas in China.Though it has problems,pasture transfer is still an important management method in current situation.Several aspects should be noticed to alleviate its affect：1）Avoiding the outsiders to enter;2）Supporting cooperatives aiming at pasture integration;3）Helping the poorer to change their poor situation.; 国家自然科学基金; 福特基金; 中文核心期刊要目总览(PKU); 中国科技核心期刊(ISTIC); 中国科学引文数据库(CSCD); 中国社会科学引文索引(CSSCI); 0; 6; 1039-1048; 34
语种	中文
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://ir.pku.edu.cn/handle/20.500.11897/3882]
专题	环境科学与工程学院
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	赖玉珮,李文军. 草场流转对干旱半干旱地区草原生态和牧民生计影响研究--以呼伦贝尔市新巴尔虎右旗M嘎查为例, Pasture Transfer＇ s Impact on Grassland Ecosystem and Pastoralists＇ Livelihoods in Arid and Semi-arid Area： A Case Study in New Barag Right Banner, Hulunbeir[J]. 资源科学,2012.
APA	赖玉珮,&李文军.(2012).草场流转对干旱半干旱地区草原生态和牧民生计影响研究--以呼伦贝尔市新巴尔虎右旗M嘎查为例.资源科学.
MLA	赖玉珮,et al."草场流转对干旱半干旱地区草原生态和牧民生计影响研究--以呼伦贝尔市新巴尔虎右旗M嘎查为例".资源科学 (2012).