Observed decrease in atmospheric mercury explained by global decline in   anthropogenic emissions

doi:10.1073/pnas.1516312113

CORC > 北京大学 > 城市与环境学院

	Observed decrease in atmospheric mercury explained by global decline in anthropogenic emissions
	Zhang, Yanxu ; Jacob, Daniel J. ; Horowitz, Hannah M. ; Chen, Long ; Amos, Helen M. ; Krabbenhoft, David P. ; Slemr, Franz ; St Louis, Vincent L. ; Sunderland, Elsie M.
刊名	PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
	2016
关键词	mercury trend emission atmosphere FIRED POWER-PLANT WET DEPOSITION TRENDS PRECIPITATION CANADA OCEAN SPECIATION PATTERNS IMPACTS CHINA
DOI	10.1073/pnas.1516312113
英文摘要	Observations of elemental mercury (Hg-0) at sites in North America and Europe show large decreases (similar to 1-2% y(-1)) from 1990 to present. Observations in background northern hemisphere air, including Mauna Loa Observatory (Hawaii) and CARIBIC (Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container) aircraft flights, show weaker decreases (<1% y(-1)). These decreases are inconsistent with current global emission inventories indicating flat or increasing emissions over that period. However, the inventories have three major flaws: (i) they do not account for the decline in atmospheric release of Hg from commercial products; (ii) they are biased in their estimate of artisanal and small-scale gold mining emissions; and (iii) they do not properly account for the change in Hg-0/Hg-II speciation of emissions from coal-fired utilities after implementation of emission controls targeted at SO2 and NOx. We construct an improved global emission inventory for the period 1990 to 2010 accounting for the above factors and find a 20% decrease in total Hg emissions and a 30% decrease in anthropogenic Hg-0 emissions, with much larger decreases in North America and Europe offsetting the effect of increasing emissions in Asia. Implementation of our inventory in a global 3D atmospheric Hg simulation [GEOS-Chem (Goddard Earth Observing System-Chemistry)] coupled to land and ocean reservoirs reproduces the observed large-scale trends in atmospheric Hg-0 concentrations and in Hg-II wet deposition. The large trends observed in North America and Europe reflect the phase-out of Hg from commercial products as well as the cobenefit from SO2 and NOx emission controls on coal-fired utilities.; US National Science Foundation; US Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program; Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences TomKat Fund; SCI(E); PubMed; ARTICLE; yxzhang@seas.harvard.edu; 3; 526-531; 113
语种	英语
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://ir.pku.edu.cn/handle/20.500.11897/435505]
专题	城市与环境学院
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Zhang, Yanxu,Jacob, Daniel J.,Horowitz, Hannah M.,et al. Observed decrease in atmospheric mercury explained by global decline in anthropogenic emissions[J]. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,2016.
APA	Zhang, Yanxu.,Jacob, Daniel J..,Horowitz, Hannah M..,Chen, Long.,Amos, Helen M..,...&Sunderland, Elsie M..(2016).Observed decrease in atmospheric mercury explained by global decline in anthropogenic emissions.PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
MLA	Zhang, Yanxu,et al."Observed decrease in atmospheric mercury explained by global decline in anthropogenic emissions".PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2016).