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	Below-ground herbivory limits induction of extrafloral nectar by above-ground herbivores
	Carrillo, Juli; Ding, Jianqing; Huang, Wei; Siemann, Evan
刊名	ANNALS OF BOTANY
	2015
英文摘要	Background and Aims Many plants produce extrafloral nectar (EFN), and increase production following above-ground herbivory, presumably to attract natural enemies of the herbivores. Below-ground herbivores, alone or in combination with those above ground, may also alter EFN production depending on the specificity of this defence response and the interactions among herbivores mediated through plant defences. To date, however, a lack of manipulative experiments investigating EFN production induced by above-and below-ground herbivory has limited our understanding of how below-ground herbivory mediates indirect plant defences to affect above-ground herbivores and their natural enemies. Methods In a greenhouse experiment, seedlings of tallow tree (Triadica sebifera) were subjected to herbivory by a specialist flea beetle (Bikasha collaris) that naturally co-occurs as foliage-feeding adults and root-feeding larvae. Seedlings were subjected to above-ground adults and/or below-ground larvae herbivory, and EFN production was monitored. Key Results Above- and/or below-ground herbivory significantly increased the percentage of leaves with active nectaries, the volume of EFN and the mass of soluble solids within the nectar. Simultaneous above- and below-ground herbivory induced a higher volume of EFN and mass of soluble solids than below-ground herbivory alone, but highest EFN production was induced by above-ground herbivory when below-ground herbivores were absent. Conclusions The induction of EFN production by below-ground damage suggests that systemic induction underlies some of the EFN response. The strong induction by above-ground herbivory in the absence of below-ground herbivory points to specific induction based on above-and below-ground signals that may be adaptive for this above-ground indirect defence.
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://202.127.146.157/handle/2RYDP1HH/279]
专题	中国科学院武汉植物园
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Carrillo, Juli,Ding, Jianqing,Huang, Wei,et al. Below-ground herbivory limits induction of extrafloral nectar by above-ground herbivores[J]. ANNALS OF BOTANY,2015.
APA	Carrillo, Juli,Ding, Jianqing,Huang, Wei,&Siemann, Evan.(2015).Below-ground herbivory limits induction of extrafloral nectar by above-ground herbivores.ANNALS OF BOTANY.
MLA	Carrillo, Juli,et al."Below-ground herbivory limits induction of extrafloral nectar by above-ground herbivores".ANNALS OF BOTANY (2015).

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