黄土高原南部不同减氮模式对春玉米产量 及土壤硝态氮残留的影响

doi:10.11674/zwyf.16484

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	黄土高原南部不同减氮模式对春玉米产量及土壤硝态氮残留的影响
	党廷辉; 董强
刊名	植物营养与肥料学报
	2017
卷号	23 期号:4 页码:856-863
关键词	春玉米减量施氮硝化抑制剂缓控释肥硝态氮
DOI	10.11674/zwyf.16484
英文摘要	Abstract: 【Objectives】 Effects of different nitrogen reduction modes on yield of spring maize and soil NO₃⁻-N residue in the southern Loess Plateau were discussed, and scientific fertilization suggestions were put forward to instruct local maize fertilization and protect environment safety. 【Methods】A field experiment was conducted in the south of the Loess Plateau for three years. Spring maize was planted with half plastic film mulching in one crop per annum. The experiment consisted of 5 N fertilization treatments, No N application (CK), applying urea N 200 kg/hm² (Con), applying urea N 160 kg/hm²input(ModⅠ), applying N 160 kg/hm²plus fertilization plus nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD)(Mod Ⅱ), and applying slow-release fertilizer urea formaldehyde (SR) N 160 kg/hm² (Mod Ⅲ). The nitrogen content of urea is 46%. ofThe yield of maize, the fertilizer N use efficiency and the soil NO₃^- residues were investigated.【Results】Compared with conventional N treatment, the grain yields and N uptakes of maize had no significantdifference under the three N treatments, with the grain yield’s in range of 0.1~0.5 t/ha. Compared with the Con, the agronomic efficiencies of fertilizernitrogen and N partial fertilizer productivities were increased by 20.2%~23.2% and 21.9%~23.7%, respectively. The accumulated amounts of nitrate nitrogen in 0—200 cm soil profile were decreased by 90.7, 97.3 and 100.7 kg/ha, respectively, with the decrease rates of 44.7%, 47.9% and 49.6% in turn.【Conclusions】Reducing 20% of conventional nitrogen input will not affect spring maize yield and N uptake significantly, but improve agronomic efficiency of fertilizer-nitrogen and N partial fertilizer productivity. Under the same nitrogen application rate, adding nitrification inhibitor or applying slow-release fertilizer do not show priorities over urea on nitrate-N residue were not obvious. Key words: Spring maize; nitrogen reduction; nitrification inhibitor; controlled release fertilizer; nitrate nitrogen ; 摘要:【目的】本文研究了不同减量施氮模式对黄土高原南部春玉米产量、土壤硝态氮残留的影响，提出科学施肥模式，旨在指导当地玉米施肥、保护环境安全。【方法】在黄土高原南部沟壑区农田连续进行了3年的田间试验，供试作物为春玉米，一年一熟，采用半覆膜种植方式。试验设不施氮（CK）、传统模式（Con，施尿素N 200 kg/hm²）、推荐施氮量Ⅰ（Mod Ⅰ：施尿素N 160 kg/hm²）、减氮模式 Ⅱ（施尿素N 160 kg/hm²_，加一定量的硝化抑制剂双氰胺）、减氮模式 Ⅲ（施脲甲醛N 160 kg/hm²）5种处理。调查了玉米产量、收获后土壤硝态氮残留和氮素利用率。【结果】三种减量施氮模式较传统施氮模式施N量减少20% 的情况下，玉米产量连续三年无显著变化（P>0.05），籽粒产量变幅为0.1~0.5 t/hm²。与Con相比，Mod Ⅰ、Mod Ⅱ、Mod Ⅲ 处理的氮肥农学效率及偏生产力分别增加了20.2%~23.2%和21.9%~23.7%，0—200 cm 土层NO₃⁻-N的残留量分别减少了90.7、97.3、100.7 kg/hm²，其降幅依次为44.7%、47.9%、49.6%。【结论】连续三年减少20%的施氮量不影响春玉米产量及吸氮量，可提高氮肥的农学效率和偏生产力,显著减少土壤剖面NO₃⁻-N残留量。在同一施氮量下，添加硝化抑制剂或施用缓控释肥对硝态氮残留量减少作用不甚明显。关键词: 春玉米；减量施氮；硝化抑制剂；缓控释肥；硝态氮
学科主题	土壤学
会议日期	无
语种	中文
资助机构	国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFD0800105)资助 ; 国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFD0800105)资助 ; 国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFD0800105)资助 ; 国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFD0800105)资助
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://ir.iswc.ac.cn/handle/361005/8103]
专题	水保所2018届毕业生论文
通讯作者	党廷辉
作者单位	中科院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	党廷辉,董强. 黄土高原南部不同减氮模式对春玉米产量及土壤硝态氮残留的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(4):856-863.
APA	党廷辉,&董强.(2017).黄土高原南部不同减氮模式对春玉米产量及土壤硝态氮残留的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,23(4),856-863.
MLA	党廷辉,et al."黄土高原南部不同减氮模式对春玉米产量及土壤硝态氮残留的影响".植物营养与肥料学报 23.4(2017):856-863.