A monumental cemetery built by eastern Africa's first herders near Lake Turkana, Kenya

doi:10.1073/pnas.1721975115

CORC > 地球环境研究所 > 中国科学院地球环境研究所 > 黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室（2010~）

	A monumental cemetery built by eastern Africa's first herders near Lake Turkana, Kenya
	Grillo, Katherine M.9; Hildebrand, Elisabeth A.8,10; Pfeiffer, Susan K.12,13,14,15; Sawchuk, Elizabeth A.8,11; Conyers, Lawrence B.1; Goldstein, Steven T.11; Hill, Austin Chad 7; Helper, Mark 5; Kiura, Purity 4; Ndiema, Emmanuel 4
刊名	PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
	2018-09-04
卷号	115 期号:36 页码:8942-8947
关键词	Monumentality Pastoralism Africa Holocene Early Food Production
DOI	10.1073/pnas.1721975115
文献子类	Article
英文摘要	Monumental architecture is a prime indicator of social complexity, because it requires many people to build a conspicuous structure commemorating shared beliefs. Examining monumentality in different environmental and economic settings can reveal diverse reasons for people to form larger social units and express unity through architectural display. In multiple areas of Africa, monumentality developed as mobile herders created large cemeteries and practiced other forms of commemoration. The motives for such behavior in sparsely populated, unpredictable landscapes may differ from well-studied cases of monumentality in predictable environments with sedentary populations. Here we report excavations and ground-penetrating radar surveys at the earliest and most massive monumental site in eastern Africa. Lothagam North Pillar Site was a communal cemetery near Lake Turkana (northwest Kenya) constructed 5,000 years ago by eastern Africa's earliest pastoralists. Inside a platform ringed by boulders, a 119.5-m(2) mortuary cavity accommodated an estimated minimum of 580 individuals. People of diverse ages and both sexes were buried, and ornaments accompanied most individuals. There is no evidence for social stratification. The uncertainties of living on a "moving frontier" of early herding-exacerbated by dramatic environmental shifts-may have spurred people to strengthen social networks that could provide information and assistance. Lothagam North Pillar Site would have served as both an arena for interaction and a tangible reminder of shared identity.
WOS关键词	HUMID PERIOD ; HOLOCENE ; VALLEY ; ARCHITECTURE ; ARCHAEOLOGY ; LANDSCAPE ; SAHARA ; CATTLE ; RIFT
WOS研究方向	Science & Technology - Other Topics
语种	英语
WOS记录号	WOS:000443555000051
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://ir.ieecas.cn/handle/361006/5339]
专题	地球环境研究所_黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室（2010~）
作者单位	1.Univ Denver, Dept Anthropol, Denver, CO 80208 USA 2.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Earth Environm, State Key Lab Loess & Quaternary Geol, Xian 710061, Shaanxi, Peoples R China 3.Univ Illinois, Prairie Res Inst, Illinois State Geol Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA 4.Natl Museums Kenya, Nairobi 00100, Kenya 5.Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA 6.Univ Colorado, Dept Anthropol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA 7.Dartmouth Coll, Dept Anthropol, Hanover, NH 03755 USA 8.SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Anthropol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA 9.Univ Florida, Dept Anthropol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA 10.Turkana Basin Inst, Nairobi 00502, Kenya
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Grillo, Katherine M.,Hildebrand, Elisabeth A.,Pfeiffer, Susan K.,et al. A monumental cemetery built by eastern Africa's first herders near Lake Turkana, Kenya[J]. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,2018,115(36):8942-8947.
APA	Grillo, Katherine M..,Hildebrand, Elisabeth A..,Pfeiffer, Susan K..,Sawchuk, Elizabeth A..,Conyers, Lawrence B..,...&Klehm, Carla E..(2018).A monumental cemetery built by eastern Africa's first herders near Lake Turkana, Kenya.PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,115(36),8942-8947.
MLA	Grillo, Katherine M.,et al."A monumental cemetery built by eastern Africa's first herders near Lake Turkana, Kenya".PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 115.36(2018):8942-8947.