Elucidating the urban levels, sources and health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Pakistan: Implications for changing energy demand

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.080

	Elucidating the urban levels, sources and health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Pakistan: Implications for changing energy demand
	Hamid, Naima 1,2,3; Syed, Jabir Hussain 4,5; Junaid, Muhammad 2,3; Mahmood, Adeel 6,7; Li, Jun 6; Zhang, Gan 6; Malik, Riffat Naseem 1
刊名	SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
	2018-04-01
卷号	619 页码:165-175
关键词	Indoor/outdoor Air/dust Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Source apportionment models Risk assessment Energy challenges
ISSN号	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.080
英文摘要	Due to the severe fuel crisis in terms of natural gas, a paradigm shift in fuel combustion (diesel, gasoline, and biomass) may increase the atmospheric emissions and associated health risks in Pakistan. Present study was aimed to investigate the concentration of fugitive PAHs in the environment (outdoor and indoor settings), associated probabilistic health risk assessment in the exposed population, and possible linkage between fuel consumption patterns and PAHs emissions in twin cities (Rawalpindi and Islamabad) of Pakistan. Results showed that the mean PAHs concentrations (air: 2390 pg m(-3); dust: 167 ng g(-1)) in the indoor environment were higher than that of the outdoor environment (air: 2132 pg m(-3); dust: 90.0 ng g(-1)). Further, the source apportionment PCA-MLR receptor model identified diesel and gasoline combustion as the primary PAHs sources in the urban and sub-urban settings. Estimated life cancer risk (LCR) potential via inhalation to indoor PAHs was higher with a probability of 2.0 cases per 10,000 inhabitants as compared to outdoor exposure. Incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) model from exposure to dust bound PAHs showed risk in the order of ingestion > dermal > inhalation for various exposure pathways. Likewise, estimated daily intake (EDI) model reflects that PAHs in surface dust enter into the human body mainly through the respiratory system because EDI for breathing was reported higher than that of oral intake. Therefore, adoption of sustainable fuels is recommended to meet the energy requirements and to reduce PAHs emissions and related health risks in the twin cities of Pakistan. (c) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
资助项目	Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)[2015PE029] ; NSFC[41550110225]
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology
语种	英语
出版者	ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
WOS记录号	WOS:000424144200018
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://119.78.100.138/handle/2HOD01W0/4514]
专题	中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院
通讯作者	Syed, Jabir Hussain; Malik, Riffat Naseem
作者单位	1.Quaid I Azam Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Environm Biol & Ecotoxicol Lab, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan 2.Chinese Acad Sci, Chongqing Inst Green & Intelligent Technol, Chongqing 400714, Peoples R China 3.Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China 4.COMSATS Inst Informat Technol CIIT, Dept Meteorol, Pk Rd, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan 5.Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China 6.Chinese Acad Sci, Guangzhou Inst Geochem, State Key Lab Organ Geochem, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China 7.Govt Coll Women Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Sialkot, Pakistan
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Hamid, Naima,Syed, Jabir Hussain,Junaid, Muhammad,et al. Elucidating the urban levels, sources and health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Pakistan: Implications for changing energy demand[J]. SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT,2018,619:165-175.
APA	Hamid, Naima.,Syed, Jabir Hussain.,Junaid, Muhammad.,Mahmood, Adeel.,Li, Jun.,...&Malik, Riffat Naseem.(2018).Elucidating the urban levels, sources and health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Pakistan: Implications for changing energy demand.SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT,619,165-175.
MLA	Hamid, Naima,et al."Elucidating the urban levels, sources and health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Pakistan: Implications for changing energy demand".SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 619(2018):165-175.