氮肥后移对引黄灌区水稻产量和氮素淋溶损失的影响

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	氮肥后移对引黄灌区水稻产量和氮素淋溶损失的影响
	刘汝亮 1; 李友宏 2; 张爱平 1; 王芳 2; 赵天成 2; 陈晨 1; 洪瑜 2; 杨正礼 1
刊名	水土保持学报
	2012
卷号	26 期号:2 页码:16-20
关键词	氮肥后移水稻氮素流失引黄灌区
ISSN号	1009-2242
其他题名	Effect of Postponing N Application on Rice Yield and N Losses in Yellow River Irrigation Area
英文摘要	通过田间小区试验研究在优化施肥条件下氮肥后移技术对引黄灌区水稻籽粒产量和氮素渗漏淋失量的影响。结果表明:与农民常规施肥处理(N300)比较,氮肥后移各处理在氮素投入降低20%的基础上水稻产量没有降低,显著提高了氮肥利用率,N240/3处理的氮肥利用率达到40.5%,比N300处理提高了8.8%。田面水中TN和NH_4~+浓度施肥后1~3d达到最大,而NO_3~-极大值出现在施肥后3~5d内,之后逐渐降低,施肥后的前9d做好水肥管理是防止氮素流失的关键时期。N300处理氮素渗漏淋失主要发生在分蘖期,氮肥后移处理主要发生在分蘖期和孕穗期,TN渗漏淋失量在29.78~44.51kg/hm~2之间,N240/3处理TN淋失量比N300处理降低了33.1%;氮素淋失形态以NO_3~-为主,占TN淋失量的74.14%~79.44%。综合考虑水稻产量和环境效益,氮肥后移技术N240/3处理可作为一种资源节约和环境友好的施肥技术在水稻种植上应用。; A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of postponing N application technology on rice yield and the change of characteristics of the concentration of NH_4~+,NO_3~-and TN in the surface water and leakage water of the paddy field in Yellow river irrigation area.There are 5 treatments in this experiment,no nitrogen fertilizer(CK),farmer conventional fertilizer treatment(N300),reduction fertilizer treatment(N240),postponing N applicationⅠ(N240/3) and postponing N applicationⅡ(N240/4).The results showed that: N240/3 treatment reduced the amount of nitrogen applied by 20% compared to N300 treatment but had no reduced rice yields significantly.The nitrogen use efficiency of N240/3 treatment was 40.5% which increased by 8.8% compared to N300 treatment.After one to three days nitrogen fertilizer employed each time,the concentration of TN and NH_4~+ in surface water attaining the bigger value,then decreasing faster.However the concentration of NO_3~- in surface water attaining the bigger value at three to five days after nitrogen fertilizer employed each time,9 days after fertilizer employed was the key time to avoid gross of three kinds of nitrogen in the water surface of the paddy field lost.N300 treatment nitrogen leaching occurs mainly in the tillering stage and postponing N application treatments mainly occurs in the tillering stage to flowering stage and NO_3~--N was the main form of nitrogen loss,which accounted for TN loss from 74.14% to 79.44%.The amount of N240/3 treatment(29.78 kg/hm~2) total nitrogen loss was 14.73 kg/hm~2 fewer than FP treatments(44.51 kg/hm~2) per hectare and ratio decreased 33.1%.Considering the rice yield and environmental factors,N240/3 treatment was one of environment-friendly technology that could be applied in rice cultivation in Yellow River irrigation area.
学科主题	农业基础科学
语种	中文
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://111.203.20.206/handle/2HMLN22E/17093]
专题	农业环境与可持续发展研究所_生态安全研究室
作者单位	1.中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京, 100081 2.宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 银川, 750002
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	刘汝亮,李友宏,张爱平,等. 氮肥后移对引黄灌区水稻产量和氮素淋溶损失的影响[J]. 水土保持学报,2012,26(2):16-20.
APA	刘汝亮.,李友宏.,张爱平.,王芳.,赵天成.,...&杨正礼.(2012).氮肥后移对引黄灌区水稻产量和氮素淋溶损失的影响.水土保持学报,26(2),16-20.
MLA	刘汝亮,et al."氮肥后移对引黄灌区水稻产量和氮素淋溶损失的影响".水土保持学报 26.2(2012):16-20.