生物炭对宁夏引黄灌区水稻产量及氮素利用率的影响

doi:10.11674/zwyf.2015.0531

CORC > 中国农业科学院 > 农业环境与可持续发展研究所 > 生态安全研究室

	生物炭对宁夏引黄灌区水稻产量及氮素利用率的影响
	张爱平 1; 刘汝亮 2; 高霁 1; 张晴雯 1; 陈哲 1; 惠锦卓 1; 杨世琦 1; 杨正礼 1
刊名	植物营养与肥料学报
	2015
卷号	21 期号:5 页码:1352-1360
关键词	生物炭灌淤土水稻产量氮素利用率宁夏引黄灌区
ISSN号	1008-505X
DOI	10.11674/zwyf.2015.0531
其他题名	Effects of biochar on rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency in the Ningxia Yellow River irrigation region
英文摘要	【目的】氮是作物生长发育所需的主要营养元素,随着宁夏引黄灌区农业生产集约化程度不断提高,氮肥投入亦不断增加,由此导致的土壤板结及氮素利用率低等问题日益突显。鉴于生物炭在改良土壤及提高氮肥利用方面的潜在可行性,本文通过大田试验研究添加不同用量生物炭对水稻产量和氮素利用率的影响,为生物炭在该地区的应用提供参考和依据。【方法】以宁夏灌区具有代表性的集约化水稻田为研究对象,以宁粳43号水稻为试验材料,采用裂区试验设计,施氮量设常规施氮量(N 300,N 300 kg /hm~2)和不施氮(N0)2个水平; 生物炭设高量炭(C3,9000 kg /hm~2)、中量炭(C2,6750 kg /hm~2)、低量炭(C1,4500 kg /hm~2)和不施炭(C0)4个水平。旨在明确添加生物炭对灌淤土基本理化性质、水稻产量及氮素利用率的影响。【结果】1)添加生物炭种植一季水稻后对灌淤土土壤含水量没有明显影响,土壤pH值亦没有发生明显变化。2)施加氮肥情况下,C3处理较C0处理可显著提高灌淤土全氮、全磷和速效钾含量,但对速效磷含量没有影响,C2和C3处理下土壤全氮、全磷、速效磷和速效钾都没有明显差异,但二者全氮和速效钾含量要显著高于C1处理; 不施肥情况下,除C3和C2处理显著增加土壤速效钾含量外,其余处理对土壤养分含量没有影响。3)生物炭和氮肥配施可以显著增加水稻籽粒产量,并随生物炭用量(4500 9000 kg /hm~2)增加而增高,增产率在15.26% 44.89%之间,水稻籽粒产量与生物炭用量呈显著正相关关系(r = 0.962),水稻株高和穗粒数也随生物炭用量增多而增加,同时,水稻地上部总吸氮量随生物炭用量增加而增加,C3处理较C0处理提高66.27 kg /hm~2,各处理之间差异显著; 不施氮肥情况下,添加生物炭(4500 9000 kg /hm~2)对水稻籽粒产量没有显著影响,对水稻产量构成因素的影响亦不明显,C1和C2处理可以显著提高水稻地上部总吸氮量,但C3处理对总吸氮量影响不明显,同时各施炭处理之间无显著差异。4)生物炭和氮肥配施时,氮肥农学效率和氮肥利用率均表现为随生物炭用量增加而增加,C3较C0处理氮肥农学效率提高10.87 kg /kg,氮肥利用率提高22.09个百分点。【结论】生物炭和氮肥配施可以提高宁夏引黄灌区水稻产量,本试验以施用9000 kg /hm~2 (C3)的生物炭产量最高(增产率达44.89%),同时水稻株高和穗粒数也随生物炭用量增多而增加,生物炭和氮肥配施,氮肥农学效率和氮肥利用率随生物炭用量增加而增加; 不施氮肥情况下,添加生物炭对水稻产量没有显著影响,对水稻产量构成因素的影响亦不明显。。; 【Objectives】Nitrogen is a main nutrient required for crop growth and development. With the increased intensity of agricultural production in the Ningxia Yellow River irrigation region,nitrogen consumption has increased continuously,resulting in increasingly prominent problems such as soil compaction and low nitrogen utilization rates. In light of potential feasibility of biochar in improvement of soil and nitrogen utilization rate,effects of different biochar levels on rice yield and nitrogen utilization rates were investigated in field tests to provide a reference for biochar application in this region.【Methods】Representative intensive rice fields in Ningxia irrigated areaa were used in this study. The rice variety Ningjing No. 43 was used as the test material,and a split-plot experiment was performed. Two nitrogen application rates,conventional(N300,N300 kg /hm~2) and no nitrogen application(N0),were employed,and four biochar levels,high (C3,9000 kg /hm~2),moderate (C2,6750 kg /hm~2),low(C1,4500 kg /hm~2) and no biochar(C0),were applied. The tests aimed to confirm impacts of biochar application on physical and chemical properties of anthropogenic-alluvial soil,rice yield,and nitrogen use efficiency. 【Results】1) The biochar application has no significant effect on the moisture contents of anthropogenicalluvial soil after one rice planting season. The moisture contents of various soil layers under the same treatment are not significantly different. Soil pH values are also not changed significantly. 2) When the nitrogen fertilizer is applied,the C3 treatment significantly improves the total nitrogen,total phosphorus,and available potassium contents in anthropogenic-alluvial soil,and has no effect on the available phosphorus content,compared with the C0 treatment. The soil total nitrogen,total phosphorus,available potassium and available phosphorus in the C2 treatment are not significantly different from those in the C3 treatment,while the soil total nitrogen and available potassium of these two groups are significantly higher than the same variables in the C1 group. When fertilization is not performed,only the C3 and C2 treatments significantly increase the available potassium,and the other treatments have no effect on soil nutrient contents. 3) The combined application of biochar(4500 -9000 kg /hm~2) and nitrogen fertilizer significantly increases the grain yield of rice,which is increased with the increase of biochar use amount,and the increased grain yields range from 15.26% to 44.89%. The grain yield of rice is significantly and positively correlated with the biochar application(r = 0.962). The plant height and grain number are also increased with the biochar application. Furthermore,the total nitrogen uptake in the aboveground parts of rice is increased with the biochar application,the C3 treatment increases the nitrogen uptake by 66.27 kg /hm~2 over that of the C0 treatment,and significant differences are observed between the various treatment groups. When the nitrogen fertilizer is not used,the biochar addition(4500 -9000 kg /hm~2) has no significant effect on the grain yield of rice and the yield components of rice. The C1 and C2 treatments,but not the C3 treatment,significantly increase the total nitrogen uptakes in the aboveground parts of rice,and no significant differences are observed between the various carbon application groups. 4) Under the combined application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer,both the agronomic efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency are increased with the biochar application. Compared to C0 treatment, the nitrogen agronomic efficiency increased by 10.87 kg /kg and nitrogen use efficiency by 22.09 percentage points in C3 treatment.
学科主题	农业基础科学
语种	中文
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://111.203.20.206/handle/2HMLN22E/16848]
专题	农业环境与可持续发展研究所_生态安全研究室
作者单位	1.中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所农业清洁流域创新团队, 北京, 100081 2.宁夏农林科学院, 宁夏, 银川, 750000
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	张爱平,刘汝亮,高霁,等. 生物炭对宁夏引黄灌区水稻产量及氮素利用率的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(5):1352-1360.
APA	张爱平.,刘汝亮.,高霁.,张晴雯.,陈哲.,...&杨正礼.(2015).生物炭对宁夏引黄灌区水稻产量及氮素利用率的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,21(5),1352-1360.
MLA	张爱平,et al."生物炭对宁夏引黄灌区水稻产量及氮素利用率的影响".植物营养与肥料学报 21.5(2015):1352-1360.