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	中世纪晚期至近代早期欧洲的军事承包人; Military Contractors in the Social Transition Era of Europe
	许二斌 ; XU Er-bin ; 林海鹰 ; LIN Hai-ying
	2016-04
关键词	欧洲 Europe 军事承包人 military contractors 社会转型 social transition
英文摘要	许二斌，厦门大学历史系教授，历史学博士；林海鹰，厦门大学嘉庚学院副教授。; 【中文摘要】军事承包人是活跃在欧洲社会转型时期的社会群体，他们通过招募、供养和管理军队获取利润。军事承包人首先出现于14一15世纪的意大利，17世纪的30年战争期间达到鼎盛，在法国大革命后退出欧洲历史舞台。军事承包人既是职业军官，也是承包军事服务的生意人，更是贷款给雇主的债权人。他们的经济利益与雇主在战争中的命运是联结在一起的，因此大多数人都尽心竭力地投身于雇主的战争事业。16—18世纪的军事承包人是通过“政府-私人”合作解决急剧增长的军费与财政资源之间矛盾的重要方式，是贵族在欧洲军事领域扮演角色的过渡形式。 【Abstract】Military contractors are a group of people who made a profit by recruiting, maintaining and managing troops in the social transition era of Europe. They first appeared in the 14th-and 15th-century Italy, peaked out during the Thirty Years' War in the 17th century, and faded out of the scene following the French Revolution. Military contractors were officers and businessmen, as well as creditors for their warlords. Fundamentally, a military contractor's interests were tied to his warlord's fate, which explains why most military contractors did their best in service. As a form of “government-private” cooperation, military contractors were a solution to the gap between the rising costs of warfare and the limited public financial resources in early modern Europe. They played a transitional role as members of European nobility in military affairs.; 国家社科基金项目“转型时期欧洲雇佣兵问题研究（1350-1800 )”（ 14BSS045);教育部社科基金项目“转型时期西欧军人日常生活与社会变迁的关联性研究”（13YJA770038)
语种	中文
出版者	厦门大学学报（哲学社会科学版）编辑部
内容类型	其他
源URL	[http://dspace.xmu.edu.cn/handle/2288/98141]
专题	2016年
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	许二斌,XU Er-bin,林海鹰,等. 中世纪晚期至近代早期欧洲的军事承包人, Military Contractors in the Social Transition Era of Europe. 2016-04-01.

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