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	Expressing urine from a gel disposable diaper for biomonitoring using phthalates as an example
	Liu, Liangpo ; Xia, Tongwei ; Guo, Lihua ; Cao, Lanyu ; Zhao, Benhua ; Zhao BH(赵本华) ; Zhang, Jie ; Dong, Sijun ; Shen, Heqing
	2012-11
关键词	biomonitoring infant exposure phthalates gel diaper
英文摘要	The urinary metabolites of phthalates are well-accepted exposure biomarkers for adults and children older than 6 years but are not commonly used for infants owing to non-convenient sampling. In the light of this situation, a novel sampling method based on monitoring the urine expressed from the gel diaper was developed. The urine was expressed from the gel absorbent after mixing the absorbent with CaCl2 and then collected by a laboratory-made device; the urinary phthalate metabolites were extracted and cleaned using a solid-phase extraction (SPE) column and analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry / mass spectrometry. To evaluate the method's feasibility, the following factors were investigated: the proportion of CaCl2 to gel absorbent, the urination volume variation and the target compounds' deposition bias in the diaper, the matrix blank of the different diaper brands, the storage stabilities and the recoveries of creatinine and phthalate metabolites in the expressed urine. Mono-methyl phthalate, mono-ethyl phthalate, mono-butyl phthalate, mono-benzyl phthalate, mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate and mono-2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl phthalate were involved. 70-80% of the urine can be expressed from the diaper, and the expressed spiking recoveries and the limit of detection of mono-phthalates ranged from 88.5-115% and 0.21-0.50 ng/ml. The method was applied to measure phthalate metabolites in 65 gel diaper samples from 15 infants, and the pilot data suggests the infants are commonly exposed to phthalates. In summary, the method for monitoring of infant exposure to phthalates is sound and validated, and the potential health effects from the vulnerable infants' exposure to phthalates should be concerned.; 39th Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars (SRF for ROCS); Hundred Talent Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams [KZCX2-YW-T08]
语种	英语
出版者	NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jes.2012.51]
专题	医学院－已发表论文
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Liu, Liangpo,Xia, Tongwei,Guo, Lihua,et al. Expressing urine from a gel disposable diaper for biomonitoring using phthalates as an example[J],2012.
APA	Liu, Liangpo.,Xia, Tongwei.,Guo, Lihua.,Cao, Lanyu.,Zhao, Benhua.,...&Shen, Heqing.(2012).Expressing urine from a gel disposable diaper for biomonitoring using phthalates as an example..
MLA	Liu, Liangpo,et al."Expressing urine from a gel disposable diaper for biomonitoring using phthalates as an example".(2012).

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