人为干扰对生物多样性的影响 | |
樊正球 ; 陈鹭真 ; 李振基 | |
2001-06 | |
关键词 | 生物多样性 人为干扰 景观破碎 保护历史 种群行为机制 种群大小 |
英文摘要 | [中文文摘]从景观破碎、保护历史、种群行为机制和种群大小4个方面讨论了人为干扰对生物多样性的影响,以期为生物多样性保护和生态环境恢复提供依据。一般人为轻度干扰会导致生物多样性提高,对比研究武夷山人为干扰甜槠林与郁闭稳定甜槠林结果表明,人为干扰甜槠林高等植物物种丰富度相对于郁闭稳定林分提高了76.32%;但人为干扰甜槠林的群落优势度却远低于郁闭林,故在演替过程中群落物种多样性的增加是生态系统对外界轻度干扰的一种适应,是恢复生态系统稳定性的一种对策,一旦干扰超过其调节能力,将难以恢复为原来的群落类型。生物在其各自进化和适应的过程中由于生态位泛化或特化,许多物种仅局限于非常小的生态位空间,这些物种一旦遭遇到景观破碎则很可能从地球上消失,如黄连和短萼黄连对阴湿条件的适应与要求,导致其濒临灭绝;另一些种类由于在群落中零星分布,如斑叶兰、羽萼悬钩子、浙江红花油茶、多种粗叶木(Lasianthus spp.)和一些紫金牛(Ardisia spp.)等,当生境缩小或受到干扰时则濒临灭绝。地史上古老的地区或自然保护历史较长的地区可能拥有更多的物种。保护历史较长的福建省南靖县和溪南亚热带雨林在1200m~2面积内有128种高等植物,同一地带的鼎湖山及和溪周边地区的南亚热带雨林物种丰富度均低于此。许多植物是动物传布植物, 动物物种多样性的减少影响了这些植物的传布, 生境的改变也影响着植物的传布, 另一些物种传布到新区域而不能萌发或完成其生活史。地方种群小于一定数量时其灭绝的可能性也增加。[英文文摘]The influence of disturbance b y humans on biodiversity is discussed from the aspects of fragmentation of landscape, history of conservancy, dispersal mechanism and population size to provide more effective methods for protecting biodiversity and restoring ecological environment. Generally intermediate levels of disturbance promote higher biodiversity. The results of studies from the effects of disturbance on the higher plants growing in the Castanopsis eyrei forests in Wuyishan national nature reserve showed that the index of species richness of higher plants in the disturbed forest was 76. 32% higher more than that in the closing stable forest, whereas the community dominance index (C) of the disturbed forest was excessively lower than the C of the closing stable forest. According to these results, we proposed that the increase of species diversity is an adapting manner for the ecosystem to disturbing and a stratagy of ecosystem to recover the stability. The high levels of disturbance will not only lead to reduced diversity, but also restrain the reconstitution of the ecosystem. In the course of organisms evolving and adapting , many species , such as the Coptis chinensis and the Coptis chinensis var. brevisepata ,due to their generaliation or specialization of niches , only are confined to a narrow habitats where local populations have become extinct. Other species distributing sparsely, such as the Camellia chekiangoleosa, Rubus pinnatisepalus, and some species of Goodyera, Lasianthus and Ardisia, are also vulnerable to extinction when their ranges become smaller and smaller or their habitats change. Older communities in evolutionary time scales or being protected have more species than younger ones. The subtropical rain forest in Hexi, Fujian, China, where the forests have being protected at least 700 years , is rich in higher plants. Other subtropical rain forest in Dinghushan and surrounding area of Hexi contains fewer species in this same zone. Many species, which dispersed by animals, are in danger of extinction by loss of animals diversity or change of habitats. Some species can reach to new area, but cannot complete their life history effectively. The living things with small local population size are vulnerable to extinction. |
语种 | 中文 |
出版者 | 《中国生态农业学报》编辑部 |
内容类型 | 期刊论文 |
源URL | [http://dspace.xmu.edu.cn/handle/2288/14572] ![]() |
专题 | 生命科学-已发表论文 |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 樊正球,陈鹭真,李振基. 人为干扰对生物多样性的影响[J],2001. |
APA | 樊正球,陈鹭真,&李振基.(2001).人为干扰对生物多样性的影响.. |
MLA | 樊正球,et al."人为干扰对生物多样性的影响".(2001). |
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