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	阶梯电价改革是否实现了效率与公平的双重目标?; Does the RBT Reform Achieve the Twin Objectives of Efficiency and Equity?
	孙传旺
	2014-08-15
关键词	阶梯电价 家庭电力消费 价差法 能源价格改革 rising block tariffs household power consumption price-gap approach energy price reform
英文摘要	2012年7月居民生活用电阶梯式递增电价改革方案在全国范围正式实施。阶梯电价改革主要是为了促进资源的合理分配与利用,具有提高效率并保障公平的双重目标。本文基于CrECS九省市城乡居民能源消费的实地调研数据,分别采用家庭电力消费离散选择模型与价差法,针对阶梯电价机制在提高用电效率、促进补贴公平两个方面的执行效果进行研究。结论显示,现行改革方案对家庭用电的节能激励是有效的,而且减少了交叉补贴的扭曲。但家庭对电价的敏感程度受多种因素影响,未来政府需要对阶梯的拐点电量以及价格幅度进行更加灵活精细的设计,并提供辅助政策的配套,以进一步推进阶梯电价以及其他居民资源类产品定价机制的建立与完善。; The reform of tiered pricing for household electricity(TPHE) in China was implemented nationwide in July 2012.In order to design a reasonable residential electricity pricing mechanism,the policy makers not only need to stimulate the potential for residential electricity-saving,but also need to phase out untargeted energy subsithes that favor the rich rather than the poor.To summarize,efficiency and equity are the twin objects for reforming residential electricity pricing in China.Using the micro household-level data of nine provinces from China's Residential Energy Consumption Survey(CRECS),this paper evaluates the efficiency of the TPHE by building the household electricity consumption discrete choice(HECDC) model and examines the equity of redistribution mechanism of electricity subsithes by applying the price-gap approach.The factors of household income,electricity price,the planned behavior and family demographic variables significantly impact household electricity consumption behavior.The main results of the HECDC model are represented as follows.(1) Household income has a negative impact on energy saving,implying that there are lower probabilities for high-income households to save energy.(2) Electricity price has a positive impact on household energy saving.The larger increases in the electricity price,the greater probabilities for households to save energy.(3) Household past energy-saving behavior exerts a strong influence on the current or future energy consumption.(4) Households tend to save electricity when their monthly electricity consumption bunches at kink points.The designs of kink points and the consumed electricity amount between two tiers exert a huge influence on the energy-efficient behavior and probability of household electricity saving.In conclusion,from the results above,the TPHE has improved the efficiency by promoting household electricity conservation.Furthermore,in order to examine the impacts of the TPHE on the reallocation of cross-subsithes,this paper divides samples into three groups by the income level.Under the scheme of TPHE,the average electricity expenditure of surveyed households raised 7.42 CNY/month,but the high-income group was affected the most by the TPHE,of which the electricity expenditure increased 20.84 CNY/month.It indicates that the impacts on electricity expenditure are slight for most income groups except the high-income group.The household electricity consumption and expenditure have changed under the mechanism of TPHE,resulting in the cross-subsidization change and reallocation of subsidy.Applying the price-gap approach,this paper estimates that the decreased amount of subsidy after the implementation of the TPHE was 10861 CNY/month.The average reduction of subsidy was 10.27 CNY/month/household.and the average reduction rate was 6.21%.Results demonstrate that the TPHE narrowed the electricity price gap between the industrial sector and the residential sector and thus reduced the overall electricity subsidy scale.However,the pricing mechanism hasn't played its full potential to achieve the target of equity.The pricing mechanism needs to be further modified to effectively reallocate subsithes.Based on the empirical analysis,some policy implications are drawn in this paper.First,it is very important to design kink points and to determine the amount of electricity of each tier,because a nonlinear relationship exists between electricity consumption and electricity expenditure when the amount of consumed electricity bunches at kink points.Second,the uniform electricity-pricing scheme for urban and rural areas in China needs to be modified.Considering the differences of electricity consumption in habits and manners between urban and rural residents,the Chinese government should make distinct energy policies for urban and rural areas and establish a dynamic adjustment mechanism to achieve the goal of targeted subsithes.Third,the current pricing mechanism should be improved to be more operational and efficient.In order to reduce the negative impacts caused by the energy price reform,the government is suggested to phase out electricity subsithes gradually because low-income households are still sensitive to energy price changes.; 国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目“能源价格冲击对宏观经济的影响机制研究——基于开放经济下多部门动态随机一般均衡模型分析”(71303199); 教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“化石能源定价与税费改革及宏观影响——基于生态价值与代际补偿视角”(13YJC790123); 福建省软科学项目“城镇化进程中资源开发与生态可持续发展机制研究”(2014R0088)
语种	zh_CN
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://dspace.xmu.edu.cn/handle/2288/113221]
专题	经济学院－已发表论文
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	孙传旺. 阶梯电价改革是否实现了效率与公平的双重目标?, Does the RBT Reform Achieve the Twin Objectives of Efficiency and Equity?[J],2014.
APA	孙传旺.(2014).阶梯电价改革是否实现了效率与公平的双重目标?..
MLA	孙传旺."阶梯电价改革是否实现了效率与公平的双重目标?".(2014).

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