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	马克思主义与解构理论
	王宁 ; Wang Ning
	2010-06-07 ; 2010-06-07
关键词	马克思主义 德里达 解构理论 解构批评 Marxism, Derrida, Deconstruction, deconstructive criticism B089.1
其他题名	Marxism and Deconstruction
中文摘要	德里达原本是一位哲学家,但他在当代文学理论批评界的影响却大于哲学界。尽管在许多方面,马克思主义与德里达的解构理论之间的差异多于相同,但德里达至少在三方面与东西方的马克思主义者持有相同或相近的观点:一是真理的相对性和实践性,这一点尤其接近马克思主义的辩证唯物主义;二是马克思主义可以有不同的形式,尤其在当今时代更是如此;三是马克思主义在当代人文社会科学中仍有着巨大的影响。尤其应当指出的是,在东欧剧变、苏联解体之后,原先的一批左翼知识分子对马克思主义的暂时受挫感到失望,而德里达则和詹姆逊一样,却坚定地相信马克思主义并没有终结,因为它已经渗透进包括文学理论在内的人文社会科学各领域。若从文学理论和文化批评的视角来考察德里达的学术思想,应该承认,德里达的思想更多地是被美国的文学理论批评界所接纳。随着德里达的去世,当代文学理论和文化批评进入了一个"后德里达时代"或曰"后理论时代",解构的一些主要原则成为一种经典的批评原则和研究方法。解构主义与马克思主义既相互抵牾同时又有一些共通之处,这一点尤其体现于德里达的专著《马克思的幽灵》。在书中,德里达试图在传统和当代的以及东西方的马克思主义与解构之间发现一些共通的东西。在德里达本人的认可和直接参与下,解构理论在美国批评界一度发展演变为20世纪七八十年代最具影响力的一大批评流派,一批解构批评家、新历史主义批评家以及后殖民批评家卓有成效地将马克思主义与解构理论糅为一体,在批评实践中取得了突出的成就。; Although Jacques Derrida was chiefly a philosopher, his influence on contemporary literary criticism is more conspicuous than on philosophy. In many aspects, Marxism and Derrida’s deconstructive theory have more differences than similarities, but Derrida at least holds the similar positions with either Western Marxists or Eastern Marxists in the following aspects: the relativity of truth and the practicability of truth, which is very close to Marxist dialectical materialism; the different versions of Marxism, especially in the contemporary era; the great influence of Marxism in contemporary humanities and social sciences. What should be particularly pointed out is: after the East-European political turmoil and the immediate dissolution of the socialist camp, lots of the former Left-wing intellectuals were disappointed at the failure of Marxist practice, Derrida, like Fredric Jameson, still firmly believes that Marxism has not come to an end, for it has become "fragmentary" elements permeating in all the fields of humanities and social sciences, including literary and critical theory. If we observe Derrida’s academic thinking from the perspectives of literary theory and cultural criticism, we should recognize that Derrida was more accepted by American literary critical circles. Along with Derrida’s death, literary theory and cultural criticism have entered a "post-Derridian era" or a "post-theoretic era". It is true that deconstruction has long been on the decline, but its major principles have already permeated in all the relevant fields of the humanities becoming a sort of canonical critical principle and research methodology. Deconstruction is both conflicted with Marxism and has some common points with the latter, which finds particular embodiment in Derrida’s Spectres of Marx, in which Derrida tries to find something common between Marxism, both traditional and contemporary, both Western and Eastern, and Deconstruction. It was supported and even intervened by Derrida himself that deconstruction once developed into one of the most forceful critical schools in American critical circles in the 1970s and 1980s. Quite a number of deconstructive critics, New Historicists and postcolonial critics have effectively combined Marxism and deconstruction and made remarkable achievements in their critical practice.
语种	中文 ; 中文
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/44198]
专题	清华大学
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	王宁,Wang Ning. 马克思主义与解构理论[J],2010, 2010.
APA	王宁,&Wang Ning.(2010).马克思主义与解构理论..
MLA	王宁,et al."马克思主义与解构理论".(2010).

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