| 题名 | 新型电生理技术的建立 及其在组合突触可塑性研究中的应用 |
| 作者 | 袁强 |
| 学位类别 | 硕士 |
| 答辩日期 | 2012-06 |
| 授予单位 | 中国科学院研究生院 |
| 授予地点 | 北京 |
| 导师 | 曹军 |
| 关键词 | 组合突触可塑性 突触后膜电位 动作电位 同步记录 恐惧记忆 |
| 其他题名 | Development of a New Electrophysiological Technique and Its Application in the Research of Combinatorial Plasticity |
| 学位专业 | 神经生物学 |
| 中文摘要 | 经验依赖的突触可塑性目前被普遍认为是学习与记忆的分子细胞机制。它以长时程增强和长时程减弱为基本形式。大量研究提示长时程增强 (long term potentiation, LTP) 和长时程减弱 (long term depression, LTD) 与学习与记忆任务有着充分必要关系。然而，LTP可能会导致神经系统产生过度饱和,而LTD则可能导致过分抑制。这将破坏神经系统的稳定性。而一个神经细胞拥有上千个突触，因此，更可能发生的情况应该是在信息处理过程中，有些突触发生LTP，有些突触发生LTD或者保持不变。这种组合突触可塑性 (LTP/LTD) 可能是学习与记忆的神经机制。 为了探索突触可塑性的组合分布是否发生在学习记忆过程中，我们首先建立了清醒动物多通道（16通道）突触后膜电位记录技术，利用海马依赖的背景恐惧记忆（contextual fear conditioning）任务，探测了大鼠在恐惧记忆过程中海马CA1区突触效能多个空间位点的变化与分布。初步实验结果提示，在记忆的巩固和提取阶段，多个空间位点的突触效能分布均呈现长时程增强，长时程减弱和保持不变的三种形式。进一步为了研究这种组合突触可塑性与神经元放电的关系，我们首次在世界上建立了清醒动物突触后膜场电位和胞体动作电位的多通道同步记录技术，利用此技术所得初步结果提示了，在给予高频刺激诱导LTP后，突触后胞体神经元放电频率可能降低，给予低频刺激诱导LTD后，突触后胞体神经元放电频率放电频率呈现降低和升高的两种形式。 综上，我们建立了一套新型电生理学技术，并利用它对组合突触可塑性进行了初步研究，结果提示组合突触可塑性可能发生于学习与记忆任务过程中，推动神经元放电的多样性从而完成复杂的神经信息编码。 |
| 英文摘要 | Experience dependent synaptic plasticity is prevalently considered as the molecular and cellular mechanism underlying learning and memory, which consists of long term potentiation (LTP) and long term depression (LTD). Previous researches indicate that both LTP and LTD are substantial and necessary for learning and memory. However, LTP might drive nervous system to extreme saturation, while LTD might induce excessive depression. This will destroy the stability of neural network. In fact, each neuron has thousands of synapses. Thus, we assume that，during the transmitting of neural information, partial synapses occur LTP, while others LTD or unchanging. This is combinatorial plasticity, which may be the mechanism underlying learning and memory. To explorer whether combinatorial distribution occurs in learning and memory, we first developed a new electrophysiological technique which can record in vivo the field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) in multi channels (16 channels). Employing this technique, we analyzed the change and distribution of fEPSP of different local sites in rats’ hippocampal CA1 area during the process of contextual fear memory, which is dependent on hippocampus. Our results indicate that, in both consolidation and retrieval processes, synaptic efficiency of different spatial locations appeared distinct changes including LTP, LTD and constancy. Further to study the effect to the neural firing resulting from the combinatorial distribution of synaptic plasticity, we developed and employed another new technique, for first time in the world, which can in vivo record the fEPSP and spikes synchronously. The preliminary results appeared that after LTP induction, neural firing tended to decrease, and after LTD induction, neural firing tended to decrease or keep constancy. In conclusion, we developed a new electrophysiological technique to study combinatorial plasticity and our results suggest that combinatorial distribution of LTP and LTD may be one way for synaptic plasticity to contribute in learning and memory, which may promote the diversity of neural firing to complete the complicated neural coding. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 公开日期 | 2013-04-22 |
| 内容类型 | 学位论文 |
| 源URL | [http://159.226.149.42:8088/handle/152453/7358]  |
| 专题 | 昆明动物研究所_学习记忆的分子神经机制 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 袁强. 新型电生理技术的建立 及其在组合突触可塑性研究中的应用[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2012. |
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