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题名	水电工程建设对水生生物的影响评价--以金沙江乌东德水电站工程为例
作者	王丹
学位类别	博士
答辩日期	2011-05
授予单位	中国科学院研究生院
授予地点	北京
导师	杨君兴,张春光
关键词	水电工程 水生生物 影响评价 保护
其他题名	Assessment of Hydroelectric Project Impact on Aquatic Wildlife: Wudongde Hydroelectric Station for Example
学位专业	动物学
中文摘要	通过对乌东德水电站影响的金沙江干支流水域水生生物资源现状的实地调查，并结合已有的水生生物调查成果和相关调查资料，结果显示，目前该区域分布有浮游植157种、浮游动物153种、底栖动物60种、水生维管束植物15种、鱼类107种，生物多样性高，其中鱼类物种较为丰富，分布有很多长江上游特有属种，鱼类区系呈现出较多的东亚类群特点和明显的复合过渡性，这一区系形成与古金沙江因青藏高原、云贵高原隆升发生向源袭夺并改变流向的地理历史有关。 根据乌东德水电站建设及运行引起的对评价区域内水位、水流、水温、泥沙等环境变化，结合各水生生物各类群生物学特性，评价这一工程建设对评价区域内水生生态的影响，这些影响主要表现在河流生态连续性被打破，河道生态环境的均质化，河流自然节律改变，边岸区生产力降低，水体中营养物质增加，这些变化可能引发库区生物物种多样性的降低、特有性下降、时空分布的异质性下降、边岸区群落破坏等变化，河流型生态系统向静水水库型生态系统转变。对鱼类的影响分析发现，大坝建设阻断了洄游性鱼类的洄游通道，淹没了部分鱼类产卵场，部分地方特有鱼类的栖息环境不复存在，鱼类区系将发生显著变化。金沙江下游向家坝、溪洛渡、白鹤滩水电梯级的建设将对水生生态产生累积影响，金沙江下游缘由生物区系将发生彻底改变，生物多样性降低，特有生物资源减少。 将评价区域的生物多样性作为保护主体，结合保护工作实际，确定部分重点保护物种及优先顺序，提出土著鱼类种质保存、增殖放流、加强流域管理等生态补偿措施和保护管理对策。同时，为减轻金沙江中下游梯级开发带来的生态叠加影响，提出建设金沙江中上游珍稀特有鱼类国家级自然保护区的建议，以保存金沙江水生生物资源，并尽可能减少因工程建设给水生生态带来的不利影响。
英文摘要	Through field works in the Wudongde Hydroelectric Station influented area of the Jinshajiang River, and some other survey materials, we list 157 phytoplanktons, 153 zooplanktons, 60 zoobenthoses, 15 aquatic plants, and 107 fishes. The number of fish species is high, and there are a lot of endemic species which only distribute in upper Yangzi River basin. Fish fauna presents the character of the East Asia Biology Group and obviously complex transitivity. The formation of this fauna depends on Jinshajiang River`s geographical history in which headword capture and flow direction change occurred because of tectonic uplift of Qinghai-Tibetan and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateaus. Based on the environment changes in the estimated area, such as water level, current, water temperature and sediment etc, and united with biological characters of wildlife which distributed in this area, we evaluate the influences which may be caused by the hydroelectric station. The influences should be continual, the river ecology will be broken, heterogenicity of the river environment will reduce, river natural rhythm will change, productivity of the river bank will degrade, nutritive material will enhance. These changes should cause the loss of biodiversity, reduction of endemism, reducement of fauna heterogenicity and destruction of the river bank community. The river ecological system will change to reservoir style. The analysis on the influence to the fishes indicates that the dam will interrupt the migration channels, flood spawning sites, destroy habitats of endemic species, which might change the original fish fauna obviously. All of the hydroelectric station steps in lower Jinshajiang River will bring cumulative environmental impacts. The biological fauna of this area will change completely, biodiversity will reduce and endemic species will degrade. Considering biodiversity as the conservation emphasis, combining practical work operability, we confirm the key fish species and conservation priority of the estimated area. We present ecological compensation suggestions such as aboriginal species preservation, fry releasing, enhancement of river management etc. At the same time, to release the cumulative ecological impacts caused by the hydroelectric station steps in lower Jinshajiang River, we suggest constructing endangered and endemic fishes national natural reserve of the middle and upper Jinshajiang River which aims to conserve aquatic wildlife resources and reduce the influences on the ecological system caused by the construction of the hydroelectric station.
语种	中文
公开日期	2013-04-24
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://159.226.149.42:8088/handle/152453/7391]
专题	昆明动物研究所_系统进化与生物地理学
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	王丹. 水电工程建设对水生生物的影响评价--以金沙江乌东德水电站工程为例[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2011.

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