QQ客服 官方微博 反馈留言

题名	哀牢髭蟾（Vibrissaphora ailaonica）和红瘰疣螈(Tylototriton verrucosus)的分子系统地理学研究
作者	张明旺
学位类别	博士
答辩日期	2007-07
授予单位	中国科学院研究生院
授予地点	北京
导师	杨君兴 ; 饶定齐
关键词	两栖类
其他题名	Phylogeography of Vibrissaphora ailaonica and Tylototriton verrucosus inferred from mitochondrial DNA
学位专业	动物学
中文摘要	本研究用线粒体细胞色素b基因全序列和ND4基因序列探讨了哀牢髭蟾（Vibrissaphora ailaonica）分子亲缘地理学和保护遗传学，利用线粒体细胞色素b、控制区全序列和部分12SrRNA基因序列研究了分布于中国的红瘰疣螈（Tylototriton verrucosus）分子亲缘地理学和保护遗传学。 哀牢髭蟾为生活于高海拔生境（大约2000-2600m）的濒危蛙类。各种致危因素引起了关于对小的、隔离种群长期存活的关注，然而迄今没有关于该物种遗传多样性的报道。本论文首次研究了分布于中国云南省的哀牢髭蟾的亲缘地理学和保护遗传学。对采自于9个种群81个个体，我们应用线粒体mtDNA cyt b和 ND4 基因共计1990bp, 获得了51个单倍型。系统发育分析显示三个分化较深且互为单系的族群，大致相应于分别被元江和藤条江河谷分开的三个地理单元（元江以东、金平和藤条江以西地理单元），暗示了长期的地理隔离分化。分子变异等级分析（AMOVA）显示遗传变异主要为三个地理单元之间（81.68％）和种群内的个体之间（11.26%）。三个地理单元显著的地理分布暗示在空间和时间上的隔离，这与中国西南地区在晚中新世到上新世的哀牢山的造山运动和隆升所引起的重要的气候和古地质变化时间相一致。我们推测低海拔干热河谷可能是三个地理单元之间基因交流受限的主要生态障碍。根据上述研究结果，我们建议对这三个遗传分化显著的地理单元，元江以东地区、金平地区、藤条江以西地区作为独立的管理单元分别加以保护。 本研究通过测定中国横断山区的红瘰疣螈（Tylototriton verrucosus）17个采集点的123个红瘰疣螈标本的线粒体mtDNA Cyt b、D-loop和12SrRNA三个基因片段(2347 bp)序列，首次研究了红瘰疣螈在横断山区的群体遗传结构和分子系统地理格局，并讨论了T. shanjing的物种有效性。基于123个样品定义的49个单倍型的贝叶斯和NJ系统发育分析表明：(1) T. verrucosus和T. shanjing均未各自构成单系，而是共同构成一个单系群;(2) 横断山区的红瘰疣螈分为3个线粒体DNA地理单元，即滇东南、滇中-滇西和片马地理单元，并且地理单元间不存在共享单倍型，说明红瘰疣螈具有明显的系统地理分布格局。AMOVA分析同样表明3个地理单元之间存在显著差异，并且分子变异主要发生在3个地理单元间（62.4%）。T. shanjing与T. verrucosus的mtDNA cyt b 序列差异平均值仅为1.1％,明显小于它们与两外群(贵州疣螈和大凉疣螈)及外群间的遗传距离(6.5-9.9%)。因此，根据T. verrucosus和T.shanjing的遗传差异以及系统发育分析结果都不支持T. shanjing的物种地位,T. shanjing为T. verrucosus的同物异名，并建议恢复T. verrucosus的中文名红瘰疣螈。基于上述结果，我们建议将分布于滇东南、滇中－滇西、片马地区的红瘰疣螈作为三个独立的管理单元分别加以保护
英文摘要	Vibrissaphora ailaonica is an endangered toad which lives in high elevation (about 2000-2600m). Threats from various factors have raised concerns regarding the long- term survival of many small, isolated populations, but little is known about its genetic diversity. Here, we report a study designed to determine the phylogeographic and conservation genetic parameters of V. ailaonica in the Yunnan Province China. A total of 1990 bp of two mitochondrial gene (complete cytochrome b sequence and partial ND4-tRNALEU) data were obtained 81 individuals from 9 populations, yielding 51 unique haplotypes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed three deeply divergent and reciprocally monophyletic mtDNA lineages, which approximately correspond to three geographical regions (EYR, JPR and WTR), separated by the Yuanjiang and Tengtiao- jiang river valleys, suggesting a long history of vicariance. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that the genetic variation was mainly found among regional groups (81.68%) and variance among individuals within sampling sites was 11.26%. The distinct geographic distributions of three major clades suggest spatial and temporal separations that coincide with important climatic and paleogeographic changes following the orogeny and uplift of Mt. Ailao during the late Miocene to middle Pliocene in southwest China. The strong genetic differentiation among populations in our study indicates the presence of management units (MUs). We investigate the genetic structure and phylogeographical pattern of Tylototriton verrucosus, and discuss the validity of T. shanjing species status by using combining new complete mitochondrial control region gene sequences, partial 12s RNA and partial mitochondrial cytochrome-b sequences (about 2374 bases) in 123 individuals collected from 17 localities in Hengduan Moutains of China. Phylogenetic analysis of 49 unique haplotypes revealed: (1) individuals of T. verrucosus and T. shanjing failed to form monophyletic clades; (2) three deeply divergent and reciprocally monophyletic mtDNA lineages, which approximately correspond to three geographical regions (Southeast Yunnan, Middle and west Yunnan and Pianma) ，and there is no shared haplotype between the three regions that suggest distinct phylogeographic pattern of Tylototriton verrucosus. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) similarly recovered the significant distinct differenction between the geographical groups: 62.4% of the total variation occurred between them. The average genetic distances of mtDNA Cyt b gene between T. verrucosus and T. shanjing is 1.1%, while the average distances between these two species and the two outgroup species (T. taliangensis and T. kweichowensis) and two outgroup species ranged from 6.5-9.9％. Based on low levels of sequence divergence among the T. verrucosus and T. shanjing and the two taxa do not form reciprocally monophyletic groups, T. shanjing as a valid species is not supported and T. shanjing (Nussbaum, 1995) is argued as a synonym of T. verrucosus（Anderson, 1871）. Based on the strong genetic differentiation among three geographical groups in our study, we propose that each of the three evolutionarily distinct groups of T. verrucosus populations should be protected as management unit (MUs).
语种	中文
公开日期	2010-10-14
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://159.226.149.42:8088/handle/152453/6107]
专题	昆明动物研究所_兽类生态与进化 昆明动物研究所_系统进化与生物地理学
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	张明旺. 哀牢髭蟾（Vibrissaphora ailaonica）和红瘰疣螈(Tylototriton verrucosus)的分子系统地理学研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院. 2007.

个性服务

查看访问统计

相关权益政策

暂无数据

收藏/分享

除非特别说明，本系统中所有内容都受版权保护，并保留所有权利。